A review on measurements of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in air in outdoor and indoor environments: Implication for airborne transmission

Dinoi, Adelaide; Feltracco, Matteo; Chirizzi, Daniela; Trabucco, Sara; Conte, M.; Gregoris, Elena; Barbaro, Elena; Bella, Gianfranco La; Ciccarese, Giuseppina; Belosi, Franco; Salandra, Giovanna La; Gambaro, Andrea; Contini, Daniele

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151137

Cited by 77 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…A study in Wuhan found that air samples collected using robot assisted air sampling from hospitals, were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 patients who had recovered and were ready for discharge, exhaled the virus in the air ( Zhou, Yao et al, 2021 ). A systematic review of 73 studies published on presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air suggested that the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was higher in indoor air as compared to outdoor air and in indoor, it was higher in hospital and healthcare settings as compared to that in community indoor settings ( Dinoi, Feltracco et al, 2022 ). A pilot study on environmental sampling of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor residential settings involving two self-quarantined COVID-19 patients detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the air in the rooms ( Nannu Shankar, Witanachchi et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air in Indian hospitals and houses of COVID-19 patients

Moharir

Chandra

Goel

et al. 2022

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air in Indian hospitals and houses of COVID-19 patients

Moharir

Chandra

Goel

et al. 2022

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…In a previous study, 58 datasets measuring airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces in the air of hospitals and care facilities showed that 41 datasets were negative for presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a the all air samples or positive (at least one sample tested positive with PCR analysis) without quantification of concentrations, and 17 datasets (29.3% of the total studies) qualitatively examined virus concentrations in the air samples (Dinoi et al, 2021). Moreover, Ben-Shmuel et al ( 2020) investigated infectious titers of the virus in 97 positive air and surface samples in order to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 viability, and reported no infectious titers of the virus in the samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Indoor Air of Sina and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals and Patients' Houses

et al. 2022

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Side by side air sampling was conducted using a PTFE filter membrane as dry sampler and an impinger containing a suitable culture medium as a wet sampler. Most of the samples were collected from two hospitals and few air samples were collected from private houses of non-hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients. The collected air samples were analyzed using RT-PCR. The results indicated that all air samples collected from the hospitals were PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2. While two of four air samples collected from the house of non-hospitalized patients were PCR positive. In this study, most of the hospitalized patients had oxygen mask and face mask, and hence this may be a reason for our negative results regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor air of the hospitals, while non-hospitalized patients did not wear oxygen and protective face masks in their houses. Moreover, a very high concentration of particles in the size range of droplet nuclei (< 5 µm) was identified compared to particles in the size range of respiratory droplets (> 5-10 µm) in the areas where patients were hospitalized. It can be concluded that using face mask by patients can prevent the release of viruses into the indoor air, even in hospitals with a high density of patients.

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“…The most used filtering materials are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass fiber, and quartz fiber. Thus, several researchers have adapted this method for finding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the collected particulate matter and, in some cases, for assessing infectivity [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Debates on the airborne transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 have been complicated because among the studies testing the presence of the virus in the air and/or on surfaces, the percentage of positive samples collected on surfaces was considerably higher than the air samples [4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Recovery from Air Sampled on Quartz Fiber Filters: A Matter of Sample Preservation?

et al. 2022

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The airborne route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by the World Health Organization in April 2021. There is an urge to establish standardized protocols for assessing the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air samples to support risk assessment, especially in indoor environments. Debates on the airborne transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 have been complicated because, among the studies testing the presence of the virus in the air, the percentage of positive samples has often been very low. In the present study, we report preliminary results on a study for the evaluation of parameters that can influence SARS-CoV-2 RNA recovery from quartz fiber filters spotted either by standard single-stranded SARS-CoV-2 RNA or by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions. The analytes were spiked on filters and underwent an active or passive sampling; then, they were preserved at −80 °C for different numbers of days (0 to 54) before extraction and analysis. We found a mean recovery of 2.43%, except for the sample not preserved (0 days) that showed a recovery of 13.51%. We found a relationship between the number of days and the recovery percentage. The results presented show a possible issue that relates to the quartz matrix and SARS-CoV-2 RNA recovery. The results are in accordance with the already published studies that described similar methods for SARS-CoV-2 RNA field sampling and that reported non-detectable concentrations of RNA. These outcomes could be false negatives due to sample preservation conditions. Thus, until further investigation, we suggest, as possible alternatives, to keep the filters: (i) in a sealed container for preservation at 4 °C; and (ii) in a viral transport medium for preservation at a temperature below 0 °C.

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A review on measurements of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in air in outdoor and indoor environments: Implication for airborne transmission

Cited by 77 publications

References 119 publications

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air in Indian hospitals and houses of COVID-19 patients

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air in Indian hospitals and houses of COVID-19 patients

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Indoor Air of Sina and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals and Patients' Houses

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Recovery from Air Sampled on Quartz Fiber Filters: A Matter of Sample Preservation?

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