A review on low-dimensional physics-based models of systemic arteries: application to estimation of central aortic pressure

Abstract

The physiological processes and mechanisms of an arterial system are complex and subtle. Physics-based models have been proven to be a very useful tool to simulate actual physiological behavior of the arteries. The current physics-based models include high-dimensional models (2D and 3D models) and low-dimensional models (0D, 1D and tube-load models). High-dimensional models can describe the local hemodynamic information of arteries in detail. With regard to an exact model of the whole arterial system, a high-dimensional model is computationally impracticable since the complex geometry, viscosity or elastic properties and complex vectorial output need to be provided. For low-dimensional models, the structure, centerline and viscosity or elastic properties only need to be provided. Therefore, low-dimensional modeling with lower computational costs might be a more applicable approach to represent hemodynamic properties of the entire arterial system and these three types of low-dimensional models have been extensively used in the study of cardiovascular dynamics. In recent decades, application of physics-based models to estimate central aortic pressure has attracted increasing interest. However, to our best knowledge, there has been few review paper about reconstruction of central aortic pressure using these physics-based models. In this paper, three types of low-dimensional physical models (0D, 1D and tube-load models) of systemic arteries are reviewed, the application of three types of models on estimation of central aortic pressure is taken as an example to discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and the proper choice of models for specific researches and applications are advised.

Multimodal cardiovascular model for hemodynamic analysis: Simulation study on mitral valve disorders

“…The cardiac surface is divided into a triangular mesh of 1500 elements or nodes, each such node poses an equivalent source, which is proportional to TMP of the nearest myocyte. Therefore, the Source matrix (S) at node n at the time t is defined as given in Eq (14) where, D is the depolarization phase, R is the repolarization phase. The timing of local depolarization at node 'n' is denoted as δ, timing of local repolarization at node 'n' is defined as ρ (Fig 1).…”

“…Depending on the purpose of the underlying scientific questions, hemodynamic analysis vary from simple lumped models, 0-1D multiscale cardiovascular model to complex 3D image-based models [ 11 ]. Some of the recent models are the fluid-structure interaction in specific vascular beds [ 12 ], the distributed impedance of the arterial and pulmonary trees [ 13 ], and lumped models of the integrated cardiovascular system [ 14 ]. A particular area in hemodynamics that has received substantial attention is one-dimensional reduced-order models.…”

Object‐Oriented Lumped‐Parameter Modeling of the Cardiovascular System for Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions

“…Conversely, low‐dimensional models use analytical methods to capture the global properties of the cardiovascular network and are remarkably less computationally intensive rendering them more suitable for hemodynamic simulations of larger portions of the cardiovascular system. [ 7 ]…”

Impact of Decreased Transmural Conduction Velocity on the Function of the Human Left Ventricle: A Simulation Study

“…The function of the LV is based on two important mechanisms influencing the time course of blood pressure development, the Frank-Starling mechanism, and the law of Laplace. Thus, the model involves all key events affecting systemic blood circulation and represents a more elaborated system than those published previously (see reviews by Zhou et al [12] and Westerhof et al [13]).…”

“…diagram measured in normal human LV see Figure 12.2 in [20]. BioMed Research International of cardiac muscle contraction (equation (12)). Implementation of the effects of 50% reduction of TCV (i.e.,~18% increase of IVCD and~2% decrease of ðdP V /dtÞ max , see Figure 3(a)) in the WK model affected its behaviour only moderately: EF and CO decreased by 2%, W LV by 4%, and the effect on P a,s and P a,d was small.…”