A review on laser beam welding of copper alloys

Auwal, S. T.; Ramesh, S.; Yusof, Farazila; Manladan, Sunusi Marwana

doi:10.1007/s00170-017-1566-5

Cited by 88 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Nakashiba et al have reported the possibility of obtaining good surface quality through process stabilization at the transition region between heat conduction and keyhole welding [21]. Auwal et al have noted that low process stability has disadvantages of porosity and spatter generation [22]. Improvement of welding stability makes 1064 nm wavelength laser useful in copper welding.…”

Section: Influence Of Surface Shape On Absorption Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Surface State in Micro-Welding of Copper by Nd:YAG Laser

et al. 2018

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Laser welding of copper is characterized by low and unstable light absorption around 1000 nm wavelength. Combination of high thermal conductivity and low melting point makes it difficult to obtain good welding quality and leads to low energy utilization. To improve efficiency and welding quality, a technique to enhance process stability using 1064 nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser has been proposed, and absorption rate and molten volume in laser micro-welding were discussed. Since the surface state of specimen affects absorption phenomena, effects of surface shape and surface roughness were investigated. Absorption rate and molten volume were increased by creating appropriate concave holes and by controlled surface roughness. Stable micro-welding process with deep penetration and good surface quality was achieved for transitional processing condition between heat conduction and keyhole welding, by enhanced absorption rate.

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Section: Influence Of Surface Shape On Absorption Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Surface State in Micro-Welding of Copper by Nd:YAG Laser

et al. 2018

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“…Here, the most established technology is the laser beam welding, followed by the electron beam process. Although, the laser beam welding is facing further difficulties when welding copper due to its high reflectivity at wavelengths characteristic for the common beam sources [4,5]. Especially at higher wavelengths (such as 10 600 nm) in the infrared regime, which is emitted by the common CO 2 laser sources, severe difficulties arise [5].…”

Section: Laser and Electron Beam Welding Of Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron beam welding of rectangular copper wires applied in electrical drives

Tóth

Hensel

Thiemer³

et al. 2021

Weld World

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The so-called hairpin winding technology, which is specially tailored to electrical traction components, deploys rectangular plug-in copper wires in the stator. The fusion welding of the adjacent wire ends is associated with challenges due to the high thermal conductivity as well as the porosity formation of the copper. During this study, the electron beam (EB) welding of electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) and oxygen-free electronic grade (OFE) copper connectors was investigated. Subsequently, the specimens underwent X-ray computed tomography (CT) and metallographic examinations to characterize the joints. It was discovered that the residual oxygen content of the base material is responsible for the pore formation. With only a very low level of oxygen content in the copper, a porosity- and spatter-free welding can be reproducibly realized using the robust EB welding technology, especially for copper materials. By optimizing the parameters accordingly, joints exhibiting a low level of porosity were achieved even in the case of the alloy containing a high amount of residual oxygen. Beyond this, detailed analyses in terms of pore distribution were carried out and a good correlation between technological parameters and welding results was determined.

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“…Developments in welding approaches are being carried out to tackle these issues to obtain successful welds in Cu based alloys [17][18][19][20]. Preheating is one of such approaches known for enhanced welding of Cu especially for fusion based welding processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite of great interest in welding of Cu with it's afore mentioned challenges, limited articles are available in this domain. Majority of the articles are on laser welding [18] and solid state welding processes [1,23], wherein many issues are yet to be resolved. To the best of authors' opinion, there is no article available that addresses issues on uniformity of weld bead across the length when subjected by GTAW process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of copper by keyhole gas tungsten arc welding for uniformity of weld bead geometry

Darji

Badheka

Mehta

et al. 2020

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding (K-GTAW) was applied to characterize the weld bead geometry in case of the 6 mm thick electrolytic tough pitch copper. Various conditions of welding speeds and the preheating on the bead on geometry were studied for uniformity of weld geometry. Visual examination, macro bead dimensional analysis, microhardness profile across the transverse section, microstructural analyses were performed to investigate the K-GTAW on electrolytic tough pitch copper. The results revealed that full penetration of 6 mm can be obtained in a single pass using keyhole mode in GTAW. Keyhole length and width were majorly affected by the welding speed and preheating temperature. Significant variations in weld bead geometry were observed even when high heat input conditions were applied without preheating. Uniform weld bead geometry of 5 mm bead width and depth to width ratio of 0.42 was obtained for a length of 80 mm using appropriate preheating of 300°C and heat input condition of 1.37 kJ/mm (resulted from 300 amps welding current, 120 mm/min welding speed and 15.3 volts voltage). In the uniform weld bead geometry, the weld and heat affected zones were consisted of coarse grains relative to base material, wherein the micro hardness variations were observed.

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A review on laser beam welding of copper alloys

Cited by 88 publications

References 69 publications

Influence of Surface State in Micro-Welding of Copper by Nd:YAG Laser

Influence of Surface State in Micro-Welding of Copper by Nd:YAG Laser

Electron beam welding of rectangular copper wires applied in electrical drives

Processing of copper by keyhole gas tungsten arc welding for uniformity of weld bead geometry

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