A Review on Interoperability of Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

Song, Kai; Lan, Yung Chiang; Zhang, Xian; Jiang, Jinhai; Sun, Chuanyu; Yang, Guang; Yang, Fengshuo; Lan, Hao

doi:10.3390/en16041653

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In the electric vehicle IWPT charging sector, interoperability and standardization have recently gained significant importance. Standards such as SAE-J2954 [115] have already been published, and certain magnetic couplers have the potential to allow interoperability [116,117]. However, further research is needed in the field of interoperable IWPT systems.…”

Section: Inductive Wireless Power Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Power Transfer for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

Martínez de Alegría,

Rozas Holgado,

Ibarra

et al. 2024

Energies

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Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are key technologies to conduct preventive inspection and maintenance tasks in offshore renewable energy plants. Making such vehicles autonomous would lead to benefits such as improved availability, cost reduction and carbon emission minimization. However, some technological aspects, including the powering of these devices, remain with a long way to go. In this context, underwater wireless power transfer (UWPT) solutions have potential to overcome UUV powering drawbacks. Considering the relevance of this topic for offshore renewable plants, this work aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the state of the art regarding UPWT technologies. A technology intelligence study is conducted by means of a bibliographical survey. Regarding underwater wireless power transfer, the main methods are reviewed, and it is concluded that inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) technologies have the most potential. These inductive systems are described, and their challenges in underwater environments are presented. A review of the underwater IWPT experiments and applications is conducted, and innovative solutions are listed. Achieving efficient and reliable UWPT technologies is not trivial, but significant progress is identified. Generally, the latest solutions exhibit efficiencies between 88% and 93% in laboratory settings, with power ratings reaching up to 1–3 kW. Based on the assessment, a power transfer within the range of 1 kW appears to be feasible and may be sufficient to operate small UUVs. However, work-class UUVs require at least a tenfold power increase. Thus, although UPWT has advanced significantly, further research is required to industrially establish these technologies.

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Section: Inductive Wireless Power Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Power Transfer for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

Martínez de Alegría,

Rozas Holgado,

Ibarra

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…However, wireless charging technologies are subject to significant security challenges [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Specifically, the task of transmitting power accurately and safely to authorized users or devices is complex [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LazyFrog: Advancing Security and Efficiency in Commercial Wireless Charging with Adaptive Frequency Hopping

Ahn,

Jung,

Park

2024

Sensors

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With the proliferation of electronic devices and electricity-based mobility solutions, the significance of wireless power transfer technology has increased substantially. However, ensuring secure and reliable power transmission to authorized users remains a significant challenge. Addressing this complex issue requires an integrated approach that balances efficiency, stability, and security considerations. While current efforts primarily focus on improving charging efficiency and user convenience, integrating robust security measures into wireless charging infrastructure is challenging due to its inherently open nature and susceptibility to external interference. Technical advancements are required to strengthen the security of the wireless charging infrastructure; however, these should be balanced with power loss management. This study tackles two core issues: the increasing hardware requirements for billing system authentication protocols and the interception of wireless charging signals by unauthorized users, leading to power theft and subsequent losses. To address these challenges, we propose a mechanism termed “LazyFrog”. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the frequency hopping schedule, activating frequency changes only in response to detected threats during remote charging or upon identifying unauthorized access attempts. The proposed mechanism compares the expected power reception at the device with the actual power supplied by the charging station, enabling the detection of abnormal power losses. By minimizing unnecessary frequency changes and optimizing energy consumption, LazyFrog reduces hardware requirements. Moreover, we have implemented a relative distance estimation mechanism to facilitate efficient power transfer as wireless devices move within the charging environment. With these features, LazyFrog demonstrates a secure, flexible, and energy-efficient wireless charging system ready for practical application.

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“…It provides essential information for users by offering intuitive feedback about the available energy in the battery. Understanding SOC helps users schedule the use of the battery's time and energy effectively, preventing the battery from running out of charge at crucial moments [4]. Secondly, SOH represents the health condition of the battery, indicating its current state relative to its initial performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Design and Implementation Method of Battery-Energy Comprehensive Management Platform in Charging and Swapping Scenarios

Ren,

Liao,

Chen

2024

Energies

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Batteries are one of the most crucial energy storage devices today, and battery-energy management technology has an extremely significant impact on the performance and lifespan of batteries. The traditional design approach for battery-energy management platforms often neglects considerations for charging and discharging scenarios. Additionally, functional modules are designed independently, leading to incompatibility issues between hardware and control units, thereby limiting the system’s performance. To address these challenges and enhance system coordination, this paper proposes a systematic design and implementation method for a battery-energy comprehensive management platform applied in charging and swapping scenarios. The method consists of four parts: hardware design, a dynamic load charging-balance control strategy, a composite micro-source hierarchical coordination control strategy, and a system emergency-response and protection strategy. The proposed method has been successfully applied to a design and has been used to build a battery-energy comprehensive management platform. Finally, through experiments, it has been demonstrated that this system can achieve energy scheduling, battery-energy balance, mode switching, and fault protection in a stable and reliable manner.

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A Review on Interoperability of Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles

Cited by 52 publications

References 90 publications

Wireless Power Transfer for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

Wireless Power Transfer for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles: Technologies, Challenges and Applications

LazyFrog: Advancing Security and Efficiency in Commercial Wireless Charging with Adaptive Frequency Hopping

Systematic Design and Implementation Method of Battery-Energy Comprehensive Management Platform in Charging and Swapping Scenarios

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