A Review on Influence of Thermal Studies of Nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanomaterials are defined as engineered materials with at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm. Particles of "nano" size have been shown to exhibit enhanced and novel properties including reactivity, greater sensing capability, and increased mechanical strength. The nanotechnique offers simple, clean, fast, efficient, and economic method for the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules, which has to provide the momentum for many chemists to switch from traditional method. To optimize the utilization of thermal conversion systems, it is essential to integrate them with thermal energy storage. In addition, study of the thermal properties of nanostructure materials against important grain growth is both scientific and technological interest. A sharp increase in grain size during consolidation of nanocrystalline powders to obtain full dense material may consequently result in the loss of some unique properties of nanocrystalline materials. The present review paper is aimed at understanding the thermal properties and its applications of nanostructure materials.

Nanostructured Materials for Food Applications: Spectroscopy, Microscopy and Physical Properties

“…The formation of the thermodynamic phase on the surface of the nanostructured material is due to the large volume of the interface fractions in the nanocrystalline materials, which differentiate between the granular and the nanocrystalline materials [20]. Several models have been applied to understand the metastable phase of formation in nanocrystalline materials.…”

“…In the bulk state, the thermodynamic condition for phase α to be stable over metastable phase β is Gα < Gβ [20]. In the case of nanocrystalline material, the contribution of interfacial energy term (Gint) to free energy cannot be neglected as in coarse-grained polycrystalline materials.…”

“…In the nanocrystalline state, β may become stable if Gα + Gα int > Gβ + Gβ int. In other words, if the rate of increase of total free energy (G + Gint) with the decrease in crystallite size of the α phase is higher than that of the β phase, the latter will become stable over the former below a critical crystallite size [20]. It has been found that the addition of nanoparticles enhances the thermal stability of the material.…”