A review on inactivation methods of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in foods

Alizadeh, Adel Mirza; Jazaeri, Sahar; Shemshadi, Bahar; Hashempour‐Baltork, Fataneh; Sarlak, Zahra; Pilevar, Zahra; Hosseini, Hedayat

doi:10.1080/20477724.2018.1514137

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Our results indicated that T. gondii losses its infectivity in mice after experimental inoculation with positive meat samples after freezing for ten days at -20 ºC. This result was similar to that reported by Kotula et al (1991) and Alizadeh et al (2018) who reported that storage of meat at -20 ºC for at least three days will reduce Toxoplasma contamination in meat. Efficient veterinary inspection of meat is required for providing safe and healthy food to consumers in parallel with educational health programs about T. gondii transmission, its source of infection and control measures which should be followed especially for high risk people.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Aborted Women and Meat of Slaughtered Sheep and Cattle in Sohag City, Upper Egypt

Abdel-Aziz¹,

Hassanien²,

Arafa³

2020

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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This work aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and factors associated with infection in aborted women and meat of some slaughtered ruminants in Sohag city as a source of human infection. Ninety blood samples and 90 placenta tissue were collected from aborted women admitted to governmental hospitals in Sohag city. Animals' samples included 96 meat samples (48 sheep and 48 cattle) slaughtered in Sohag city abattoir. ELISA and n PCR (Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction) were used to detect T. gondii infection in aborted women samples. Data was collected from aborted women through a standard form. While Latex agglutination test and microscopical examination were used in meat samples examination. Also, mice inoculation was used to evaluate the effect of meat freezing on the viability of T. gondii. Results indicated that 35.6% of aborted women serum represented positive results with ELISA and the majority possesses IgG (30%), 3.33% had IgM and 2.22% had both IgM and IgG. n PCR was used for detection of T. gondii in blood and placenta tissue of seropositve cases; T. gondii was detected in four and 25 of blood and placenta tissue of aborted women, respectively. Owing to factors associated with infection; aborted women from rural communities, those eating undercooked meat and who ignore periodical hand washing more susceptible to infection (P <0.01). 45.8% and 31.3% of sheep and cattle meat (mutton and beef) were positive for T. gondii, respectively. Viability of T. gondii was lost after meat freezing at-20ºC for ten days. Strict implementation of supervision plan to eliminated infection in animals, food and human is important for preventing the risk of zoonotic transmission and human infection with T. gondii.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Aborted Women and Meat of Slaughtered Sheep and Cattle in Sohag City, Upper Egypt

Abdel-Aziz¹,

Hassanien²,

Arafa³

2020

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…However, the relative importance of transmission via tissue cysts versus oocysts is still unclear [2]. In addition, oocysts can remain viable for long periods in the environment and can resist chemical and physical treatment currently applied in water plants, including chlorination and ozone treatment [15][16][17][18]. This paved the way for an increasingly awareness related to drinking water and the consumption of raw fruit and vegetables as putative routes for oocyst transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in fresh vegetables and berry fruits

et al. 2020

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is the third most important contributor to health burden caused by food-borne illness. Ingestion of tissue cysts from undercooked meat is an important source of horizontal transmission to humans. However, there is an increasing awareness of the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, as a possible source for oocyst transmission, since this stage of the parasite can persist and remain infective in soil and water for long time. Herein, we outline findings related with detection of T. gondii oocysts in vegetables and berry fruits, which are usually raw consumed. The procedure includes the estimation of the number of oocysts. Methods: Food samples were collected from local producers and supermarket suppliers. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were concentrated after washing the samples by applying high resolution water filtration and immunomagnetic separation (method 1623.1: EPA 816-R-12-001-Jan 2012), in order to (i) remove potential Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts present in the samples; and (ii) select T. gondii oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii oocyst detection and an estimation of their numbers was performed by conventional PCR and real time qPCR, using specific primers for a 183-bp sequence of the T. gondii repetitive DNA region. All PCR-positive DNA samples were purified and sequenced. Restriction enzyme digestion with EcoRV endonuclease confirmed the presence of the T. gondii DNA fragment. In addition, the presence of the parasite was observed by fluorescent microscopy, taking advantage of the oocysts autofluorescence under UV light. Results: Forty percent of the analysed samples (95% CI: 25.5-56.5%) presented the expected PCR and digested DNA fragments. These fragments were confirmed by sequencing. Microscopic autofluorescence supported the presence of T. gondii-like oocysts. The estimated mean (± SE) oocyst concentration was 23.5 ± 12.1 oocysts/g, with a range of 0.6-179.9 oocysts/g. Conclusions: Our findings provide relevant evidence of contamination of fresh vegetables and berry fruits with T. gondii oocysts.

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“…However, as mentioned above, homeless dietary habits of high intake of processed foods and low fresh meat, fish, vegetables and fruits may have led to lower T. gondii exposure. In fact, processing food methods, including high heating, curing, cooking, freezing, or chemical methods, have been shown to denature T. gondii proteins and remove or inactivated T. gondii oocysts, constituted by 90% cysteine and tyrosine (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Homeless Persons of São Paulo City, Southeastern Brazil

Felipetto

Teider-Junior

Silva

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii has been extensively studied in a variety of different human populations. However, no study has focused on homeless populations. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and the risk factors associated in homeless persons from homeless shelter of São Paulo city, southeastern Brazil. In addition, anti-HIV antibodies and associated risk of T. gondii and HIV coinfection have been evaluated. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody test. In addition, anti-HIV levels were tested by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with positive samples confirmed by rapid immunoblot assay. Overall, IgG anti-T. gondii seropositivity was found in 43/120 (35.8%) homeless persons, with endpoint titers varying from 16 to 1,024. The only two pregnant women tested were negative for IgM by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, with normal parturition and clinically healthy newborns in both cases. There were no statistical differences in the risk factors for anti-T. gondii serology (p > 0.05). Anti-HIV seropositivity was found in 2/120 (1.7%) homeless persons, confirmed as HIV-1. One HIV seropositive individual was also sero-reactive to IgG anti-T. gondii, and both were negative to IgM anti-T. gondii. This is the first study that reports the serosurvey of T. gondii in homeless persons worldwide. Despite the limited sample size available in the present study, our findings have shown that the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in homeless persons herein was lower than the general population, probably due to homeless diet habit of eating mainly processed food intake. No statistical differences were found regarding risk factors for anti-T. gondii exposure in homeless persons. Future studies should be conducted to fully establish risk factors for anti-T. gondii exposure in homeless persons.

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A review on inactivation methods ofToxoplasma gondiiin foods

Cited by 57 publications

References 116 publications

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Aborted Women and Meat of Slaughtered Sheep and Cattle in Sohag City, Upper Egypt

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Aborted Women and Meat of Slaughtered Sheep and Cattle in Sohag City, Upper Egypt

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in fresh vegetables and berry fruits

Serosurvey of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Homeless Persons of São Paulo City, Southeastern Brazil

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