A Review on Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Catalysts and Life Cycle Analysis Perspective

Le, Minh Nhan; Lee, Man Seung

doi:10.1080/08827508.2020.1726914

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Further steps will include the separation of Pd from the polymer-Pd mixture and the investigation of various methods for Pd recovery after its extraction by scCO2. In addition, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) [54][55][56] between a conventional process and the process reported herein is envisioned to evaluate the technico-economical feasibility and the sustainability of the proposed polymer-assisted extraction process of precious metals in supercritical CO2 compared to other traditional methods.…”

Section: Color Beforementioning

confidence: 99%

Promising polymer-assisted extraction of palladium from supported catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide

Ruiu¹,

Bauer‐Siebenlist²,

Șenilă³

et al. 2020

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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Precious metals, in particular palladium (Pd), have a wide range of daily applications, from automotive catalysts to fine chemistry production. Nevertheless, these metals are relatively rare and highly expensive, considering their massive industrial utilization. In the last decades, different recycling methods have been explored. Nowadays, the most applied methods, namely pyro-and/or hydrometallurgy, involve energy-intensive processes and/or the generation of large amounts of effluents to be treated. Thus, the development of a more sustainable recycling process of precious metals is highly desirable. In the present work, we introduce a sustainable process based on the use of a green solvent, supercritical CO2, operated under mild conditions (P = 25 MPa and T = 40 °C). The extraction process is possible thanks to the addition of CO2-soluble complexing polymers bearing pyridine units. The proposed method leads to the extraction of more than 70% of Pd from an aluminosilica-supported catalyst.

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Section: Color Beforementioning

confidence: 99%

Promising polymer-assisted extraction of palladium from supported catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide

Ruiu¹,

Bauer‐Siebenlist²,

Șenilă³

et al. 2020

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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“…Yakoumis et al reported on the hydrometallurgical process with HCl, NaCl, and H 2 O 2 , and recovery rates of 100%, 92%, and 60% were obtained for Pt, Pd, and Rh, respectively [50]. In addition, the effect of ultrasound-assisted nitric acid pretreatment in enhancing the leaching of PGMs by cyanogenic bacteria is a promising biorecovery technique for the extraction of PGMs from spent automotive catalysts [51,52]. for a contact time of 2.5 h during the leaching process were considered the best conditions to be followed to save chemicals, energy, and time, and resulting efficiency was Rh (86%), Pt (96%), and Pd (98%).…”

Section: Leaching Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products

et al. 2021

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The need to drive towards sustainable metal resource recovery from end-of-cycle products cannot be overstated. This review attempts to investigate progress in the development of recycling strategies for the recovery of strategic metals, such as precious metals and base metals, from catalytic converters, e-waste, and batteries. Several methods for the recovery of metal resources have been explored for these waste streams, such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biohydrometallurgy. The results are discussed, and the efficiency of the processes and the chemistry involved are detailed. The conversion of metal waste to high-value nanomaterials is also presented. Process flow diagrams are also presented, where possible, to represent simplified process steps. Despite concerns about environmental effects from processing the metal waste streams, the gains for driving towards a circular economy of these waste streams are enormous. Therefore, the development of greener processes is recommended. In addition, countries need to manage their metal waste streams appropriately and ensure that this becomes part of the formal economic activity and, therefore, becomes regulated.

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“…On the other hand, environmental regulations on spent catalysts have become increasingly stringent. Several types of catalysts utilized by refinery processes, for instance, spent hydrotreating, hydrocracking, reforming, isomerization, alkylation, and fluid catalytic cracking which contain lots of organic sulfides and toxic heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr, have been categorized as hazardous wastes by the Environmental Protection Agency in the USA [12,13]. Improper handling of these wastes severely pollutes the environment due to the high content of heavy metals [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the following processes to separate products of high purity from leaching solution are quite complex. Many chemical reagents are needed to separate various metal ions in leaching solution and finally large quantities of hazardous waste water are produced [13]. Further, due to the everincreasing amount of spent HDS catalysts annually and stricter environmental regulations in all the countries, proper handling of these hazardous wastes has become a much more challenging task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the recovery of transition metals from spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts

Wang

Olayiwola

et al. 2021

Tungsten

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Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts are widely used in petrochemical industries, playing a crucial role in desulfurization process to get high-quality oil. The generation of Al-based spent HDS catalyst is estimated to be 1.2×10 5 tons per year around the world. The spent HDS catalysts have been regarded as an important secondary resource due to their abundant output, considerable metal value, and regeneration potential; however, if improperly handled, it would severely pollute the environment due to high content of heavy metals. Thus, the recovery of valuable metals from spent HDS catalysts is of great importance from both resource utilization and environmental protection points of view. In this work, recent advances in the spent HDS catalyst treatment technologies have been reviewed, focusing on the recovery of valuable transition metals and environmental impacts. Finally, typical commercial processes have been discussed, providing in-depth information for peer researchers to facilitate their future research work in designing more effective and environmentally friendly recycling processes.

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A Review on Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Catalysts and Life Cycle Analysis Perspective

Cited by 62 publications

References 119 publications

Promising polymer-assisted extraction of palladium from supported catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide

Promising polymer-assisted extraction of palladium from supported catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide

Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products

Recent advances in the recovery of transition metals from spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts

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