A review on haematological profile in menstruating, pre-menopausal and menopausal women

Abstract

In females, the reproductive age is characterized by the onset of menstruation called menarche and ceases with the onset of menopause. The female reproductive cycles are controlled by various hormones and these hormones are known as female hormonal system. The female sexual cycle is the cycle of natural changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible. Its timing is governed by endogenous biological cycles. During the first few days of each monthly female sexual cycle, the concentrations of both FSH and LH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland increase slightly to moderately, with the increase in FSH slightly greater than that of LH and preceding it by a few days. These hormones, especially FSH, cause accelerated growth of 6 to 12 primary follicles each month. Menstruation is the principal cause of iron loss in women. The menstrual period is associated to the rupture of blood vessels which irrigate the superficial layer of the endometrium. Platelets constitute the first haemostatic component that mobilizes in order to interrupt the bleeding as vascular injury occurs. During menstruation, tremendous numbers of leukocytes are released along with the necrotic materials and blood. This is probable as a result of some substances released by the endometrial necrosis which causes the outflow of leukocytes during menstruation. The paper reviewed haematological profile menstruating women,premenopause women and menopause women.

An Update on Polycystic Ovarion Syndrome

“…Menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and metabolic disturbances are just a few of the clinical signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome [2]. As a result of disrupted ovulation and hormonal imbalances, menstrual irregularities, also known as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, appear [4][5][6][7].…”