A Review on Graphene Evidenced by Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

The unsurpassed and exceptional properties of graphene (Gr) have prompted significant progress toward Gr-based applications, and have furthermore unleashed a host of complimentary two-dimensional materials that provide new, and emerging technologies synergistic with an already well-established Gr science. The Raman spectroscopy reveals both basic and advance features. It emerged as an important optical and structural characterization tool, following in the footsteps of related form of carbon. Till date, no comprehensive descriptions of Raman spectroscopy on Gr characterization have been published yet. This is to say that, no review can possibly complete. We have presented an extensive overview of the Raman spectroscopy, filled-up this gap and discussed the theoretical background associated with the Gr and other carbon-based materials, and some thoughts about the future of this field are highlighted. Thus, it would be used as a reference guide for the utilization of Raman spectroscopy to investigate the various features of Gr and carbon-based materials.

Development of a multifunctional TiO2/MWCNT hybrid composite grafted on a stainless steel grating

“…These phenomena can be explained by the double resonance theory. 57 Moreover, as D 0 bands become as intense as the G-band for excitation wavelengths in the infrared region, it is considered distinctive of densely aligned and vertically oriented MWCNTs, which are grown perpendicular to the substrate, 58,59 in agreement with our structural model. In addition, the observed small line-widths indicate that these features are representative of high quality MWCNTs with a very good structural order.…”

Rapid and targeted introgression of fgr gene through marker-assisted backcrossing in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a full-scale validation and 231 utilisation of a single functional marker system, fgr-SNP, in introgressing the fgr gene into 232 different rice varieties. The selection of parents is often one of the critical steps in breeding 233 D r a f t programmes to develop superior lines (Shamsudin et al 2016). It should be noted that the lack of 234 desirable recombinants from many crosses involving Basmati varieties and modern varieties is 235 one of the major barriers in breeding high-yielding fragrant rice (Nematzadeh et al 2004).…”

Metal-Free Catalyst with Large Carbon Defects for Efficient Direct Overall Water Splitting in Air at Room Pressure

“…Figure b shows the Raman spectrum (black curve) of the OPC-900, wherein the peak at 1580 cm –1 (G-band) corresponds to the E 2g mode of the graphite, and the D-band at around 1360 cm –1 is related to dangling bonds, glassy carbons, and structural defects. The I D / I G intensity ratio between G and D bands also indicates that OPC-900 possesses the feature of vast carbon defects. − The FT-IR spectrum in Figure b (red curve) shows several characteristic peaks with weak intensity, mainly derived from the remaining function groups, such as benzene ring, C–O …”