A Review on Graphene-Based Gas/Vapor Sensors with Unique Properties and Potential Applications

Wang, Tao; Huang, Dan; Liu, Yang; Xu, Shusheng; He, Guiqin; Li, Xin; Hu, Nantao; Yin, Guilin; He, Dannong; Zhang, Liying

doi:10.1007/s40820-015-0073-1

Cited by 531 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 217 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…6,7 Of these, one of the most common is the chemisresistive sensor, whose relatively simple design and operation make it a strong candidate for CMOS integration. 7,8 The constraints of CMOS are problematic, however, both in terms of permissible materials and processing parameters. Maximum CMOS processing and operating temperatures remain serious barriers to several classic chemisresistive gas sensor topologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Monolayer graphene, the first among an expanding class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, is one of the more promising candidates for the future of gas sensing. 7,[13][14][15] In particular its high intrinsic carrier mobility, ultimate surface area to volume ratio, and inherent low-noise electrical response, 16,17 are all well-suited to gas sensors, and the oft-mentioned drawback of graphene, its zero band-gap, 18 presents no fundamental barrier to graphene's effectiveness as a chemisresistive transducer. Graphene is sensitive to several gases, particularly NO 2 , and in cases where pristine graphene is relatively unreactive toward a particular gas species, the graphene surface can be functionalized to achieve high levels of sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Of these, one of the most common is the chemisresistive sensor, whose relatively simple design and operation make it a strong candidate for CMOS integration.…”

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confidence: 99%

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3D integrated monolayer graphene–Si CMOS RF gas sensor platform

et al. 2017

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Integration of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and monolayer graphene is a significant step toward realizing low-cost, low-power, heterogeneous nanoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional materials such as gas sensors capable of enabling future mobile sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). But CMOS and post-CMOS process parameters such as temperature and material limits, and the low-power requirements of untethered sensors in general, pose considerable barriers to heterogeneous integration. We demonstrate the first monolithically integrated CMOS-monolayer graphene gas sensor, with a minimal number of post-CMOS processing steps, to realize a gas sensor platform that combines the superior gas sensitivity of monolayer graphene with the low power consumption and cost advantages of a silicon CMOS platform. Mature 0.18 µm CMOS technology provides the driving circuit for directly integrated graphene chemiresistive junctions in a radio frequency (RF) circuit platform. This work provides important advances in scalable and feasible RF gas sensors specifically, and toward monolithic heterogeneous graphene-CMOS integration generally. 1-3 In these cases, power and size requirements are not critical, and such sensors tend to be large and bulky. But with the rapid expansion and prevalence of newer technologies like smart phones, cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile sensors are recognized as an essential component in future ubiquitous sensor networks. 4,5 The goals of IoT sensor networks require mobile and untethered sensors in quantities that negate any realistic possibility of individual sensor maintenance or battery replacement. The expectation is that the sheer number of future sensor devices, the "things" of IoT, will preclude human maintenance of individual nodes within large sensor networks. The implications for future device production are then twofold: the sensors must operate at low-power, and the cost of each device should be low enough that the expected orders of magnitude increase in sensor nodes is feasible. Much of current gas sensor research is therefore directed at the need for low-cost, low-power portable gas sensors, as well as integration with the technology platform best suited to meet that need: silicon complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS).Solid-state gas sensors cover a wide range of technologies, from microelectromechanical thermal and mass sensors to optical and chemiresistive sensors. 6,7 Of these, one of the most common is the chemisresistive sensor, whose relatively simple design and operation make it a strong candidate for CMOS integration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D integrated monolayer graphene–Si CMOS RF gas sensor platform

et al. 2017

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“…For sensing applications, graphene is an attractive candidate, due to its high specific surface area, mechanical flexibility, and excellent electron transfer [24,25]. Recently, Moayeri and Ajji reported an approach for constructing electrospun PANi/PEO/Graphene nanofibers exhibiting improved electrical conductivity and thermal stability over that of PANi/PEO nanofibers [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Enhancement of a Graphene/Polyaniline/Poly(ethylene oxide) Composite Electrospun Nanofiber Gas Sensor

2017

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Electrospun nanofibers of a polyaniline (PANi)/ (?)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (HCSA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) composite doped with different variants of graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated and evaluated as chemiresistor gas sensors operating at room temperature. A new strategy for enhancing PANi/PEO gas sensor performance is demonstrated using GO dopants reduced via thermal (trGO) or chemical (crGO) routes. By varying the chemical reduction duration (6 h, crGO-6 or 24 h, crGO-24), tunable enhancement of sensor response was achieved. Upon exposure to short-chain aliphatic alcohol vapors, the partially reduced crGO-6 dopant exhibited higher response than GO and crGO-24, suggesting that the dopant enhances sensor performance via increased electrical conductivity over neat GO, and enhanced hydrogen bonding capability over the further-reduced crGO-24 variant. Sensor arrays consisting of PANi/PEO doped with trGO, crGO-6 or crGO-24 moieties successfully identified methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol vapors using principal component analysis (PCA). Graphical abstract

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“…7,8 In this way not only the binding energy (and therefore the surface coverage) can be increased but also the electronic properties of graphene can be modified so that the adsorption of a gas molecule results in an increased electrical response. Another challenge for creating the full-value sensors with high sensitivity is their ability to work not only in inert atmosphere but also in air.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive NO2 sensors by pulsed laser deposition on graphene

Kodu

Berholts

Kahro

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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Graphene as a single-atomic-layer material is fully exposed to environmental factors and has therefore a great potential for the creation of sensitive gas sensors. However, in order to realize this potential for different polluting gases, graphene has to be functionalized -adsorption centers of different types and with high affinity to target gases have to be created at its surface. In the present work, the modification of graphene by small amounts of laser-ablated materials is introduced for this purpose as a versatile and precise tool. The approach has been demonstrated with two very different materials chosen for pulsed laser deposition (PLD) -a metal (Ag) and a dielectric oxide (ZrO2). It was shown that the gas response and its recovery rate can be significantly enhanced by choosing the PLD target material and deposition conditions. The response to NO2 gas in air was amplified up to 40 times in the case of PLD-modified graphene, in comparison with pristine graphene, and it reached 7-8% at 40 ppb of NO2 and 20-30% at 1 ppm of NO2. The PLD process was conducted in a background gas (5 x10 -2 mbar oxygen or nitrogen) and resulted in the atomic areal

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A Review on Graphene-Based Gas/Vapor Sensors with Unique Properties and Potential Applications

Cited by 531 publications

References 217 publications

3D integrated monolayer graphene–Si CMOS RF gas sensor platform

3D integrated monolayer graphene–Si CMOS RF gas sensor platform

Tunable Enhancement of a Graphene/Polyaniline/Poly(ethylene oxide) Composite Electrospun Nanofiber Gas Sensor

Highly sensitive NO2 sensors by pulsed laser deposition on graphene

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