A Review on Graphene Based Materials and Their Antimicrobial Properties

Yaragalla, Srinivasarao; Bhavitha, Karanath Balendran; Athanassiou, Athanassia

doi:10.3390/coatings11101197

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…However, it is worth noting the use of functionalized graphene-based materials for other applications, including biosensing and bioimaging, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and drug delivery [ 23 , 24 ]. For instance, the use of graphene-based composites as a support to release antimicrobial agents for wound dressing applications has been described [ 25 , 26 ]. The good biocompatibility of graphene, which has been improved through functionalization, clearly contributes to its high demand in the biomedical field [ 22 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms

Oliveira

Gomes

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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The increasing incidence of implant-associated infections has prompted the development of effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on these devices. In this work, pristine graphene nanoplatelet/polydimethylsiloxane (GNP/PDMS) surfaces containing different GNP loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) were produced and evaluated on their ability to mitigate biofilm development. After GNP loading optimization, the most promising surface was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiofilm activity of GNP/PDMS surfaces was determined by the quantification of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells, as well as by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that 5 wt% GNP loading reduced the number of total (57%), viable (69%), culturable (55%), and VBNC cells (85%) of S. aureus biofilms compared to PDMS. A decrease of 25% in total cells and about 52% in viable, culturable, and VBNC cells was observed for P. aeruginosa biofilms. Dual-species biofilms demonstrated higher resistance to the antimicrobial activity of GNP surfaces, with lower biofilm cell reductions (of up to 29% when compared to single-species biofilms). Still, the effectiveness of these surfaces in suppressing single- and dual-species biofilm formation was confirmed by CLSM analysis, where a decrease in biofilm biovolume (83% for S. aureus biofilms and 42% for P. aeruginosa and dual-species biofilms) and thickness (on average 72%) was obtained. Overall, these results showed that pristine GNPs dispersed into the PDMS matrix were able to inhibit biofilm growth, being a starting point for the fabrication of novel surface coatings based on functionalized GNP/PDMS composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms

Oliveira

Gomes

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…According to figure 7(d), GO-ZnO coating was stable after 21 d in water, acetic acid 3% and ethanol 10%, although considerable weight loss of GO-ZnO coating was measured in ethanol 50%. Small release of GO-ZnO coating would be non-toxic because GO-ZnO nanocomposite is considered as biosafe and biocompatible by scientific reviews [20,22,57,58]. Photographs in figure 8 confirmed the coating stabilities in the food simulants (see supporting information figures S4 and S5).…”

Section: Brush Coating Of Go-zno Hydrogel On Pla Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sonochemical synthesis of bioinspired graphene oxide–zinc oxide hydrogel for antibacterial painting on biodegradable polylactide film

Le,

Nguyen,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

Nanotechnology

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Graphene oxide nanosheet (GO) is a multifunctional platform for binding with nanoparticles and stacking with two dimensional substrates. In this study, GO nanosheets were sonochemically decorated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and self-assembled into a hydrogel of GO-ZnO nanocomposite. The GO-ZnO hydrogel structure is a bioinspired approach for preserving graphene-based nanosheets from van der Waals stacking. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the sonochemical synthesis led to the formation of ZnO crystals on GO platforms. High water content (97.2 %) of GO-ZnO hydrogel provided good property of ultrasonic dispersibility in water. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis) revealed that optical band gap energy of ZnO nanoparticles (~ 3.2 eV) GO-ZnO nanosheets (~ 2.83 eV). Agar well diffusion tests presented effective antibacterial activities of GO-ZnO hydrogel against gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). Especially, GO-ZnO hydrogel was directly used for brush painting on biodegradable polylactide (PLA) thin films. Graphene-based nanosheets with large surface area are key to van der Waals stacking and adhesion of GO-ZnO coating to the PLA substrate. The GO-ZnO/PLA films were characterized using photography, light transmittance spectroscopy, coating stability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping (EDS), antibacterial test and mechanical tensile measurement. Specifically, GO-ZnO coating on PLA substrate exhibited stability in aqueous food simulants for packaging application. GO-ZnO coating inhibited the infectious growth of E. coli biofilm. GO-ZnO/PLA films had strong tensile strength and elastic modulus. As a result, the investigation of antibacterial GO-ZnO hydrogel and GO-ZnO coating on PLA film is fundamental for sustainable development of packaging and biomedical applications.

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“…Similarly, the bacterial cell envelope’s complexity also plays a decisive role. Gram + bacteria own a thicker (20–80 nm) layer of peptidoglycan, surrounding the phospholipid bilayer and acting as barrier towards osmotic pressure changes and harmful molecules; while Gram − bacteria hold a thinner (2–8 nm) layer of peptidoglycan [ 98 , 99 ]. Therefore, Staphilococcus aureus (Gram + bacteria) is more susceptible to graphene than Pseudomonas aeruginaosa (Gram − bacteria) [ 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Short Overview Of Go-derivatives’ Role In Antimicrobial Acti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Physico-Chemical, Antimicrobial and Angiogenic Properties of Graphene-Oxide/Cellulose Nanocomposites for Wound Healing

et al. 2023

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Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) have recently attracted a fascinating interest due to their physico-chemical properties, which have opened up new and interesting opportunities in a wide range of biomedical applications, such as wound healing. It is worth noting that GO and rGO may offer a convenient access to its ready dispersion within various polymeric matrices (such as cellulose and its derivative forms), owing to their large surface area, based on a carbon skeleton with many functional groups (i.e., hydroxyl, carboxyl, epoxy bridge, and carbonyl moieties). This results in new synergic properties due to the presence of both components (GO or rGO and polymers), acting at different length-scales. Furthermore, they have shown efficient antimicrobial and angiogenic properties, mostly related to the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are advantageous in wound care management. For this reason, GO or rGO integration in cellulose-based matrixes have allowed for designing highly advanced multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites with tailored properties. The current review aims to discuss a potential relationship between structural and physico-chemical properties (i.e., size, edge density, surface chemistry, hydrophilicity) of the nanocomposites with antimicrobials and angiogenic mechanisms that synergically influence the wound healing phenomenon, by paying particular attention to recent findings of GO or rGO/cellulose nanocomposites. Accordingly, after providing a general overview of cellulose and its derivatives, the production methods used for GO and rGO synthesis, the mechanisms that guide antimicrobial and angiogenic processes of tissue repair, as well as the most recent and remarkable outcomes on GO/cellulose scaffolds in wound healing applications, will be presented.

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A Review on Graphene Based Materials and Their Antimicrobial Properties

Cited by 37 publications

References 113 publications

Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms

Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms

Sonochemical synthesis of bioinspired graphene oxide–zinc oxide hydrogel for antibacterial painting on biodegradable polylactide film

Advances in the Physico-Chemical, Antimicrobial and Angiogenic Properties of Graphene-Oxide/Cellulose Nanocomposites for Wound Healing

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