A review on functionally graded structures and materials for energy absorption

Xu, Fengxiang; Zhang, Xiong; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.094

Cited by 301 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The graded materials consist of the combination of different mechanical properties in different sections of the structure, which is achieved using different materials or different geometries of the material . In the case of cellular structures, this can be achieved by skeleton and strut‐cross‐section geometry changes, e.g., a layered graded geometry can be obtained by changing the strut diameters in different areas of the cellular structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crushing Behavior of Graded Auxetic Structures Built from Inverted Tetrapods under Impact

Novak

Borovinšek

Vesenjak

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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In this study, the crushing behavior of auxetic structures built from inverted tetrapods with linearly graded porosity under impact is analyzed both experimentally and computationally. The auxetic samples with linearly graded porosity are fabricated from Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder by the selective electron-beam melting method. A detailed geometrical analysis of the fabricated samples based on micro computed tomography (microCT) scans is performed to determine the variation of strut thickness and other fabrication imperfections. The samples are subjected to high strain rate compression loading in two specimen orientations (specimens with low or high porosity facing the impacting plate) using the powder gun. Appropriate computational models are later developed and validated to provide a more detailed insight into the crushing mechanism of auxetic structures during impact. The experimental and computational results show dependency of the plateau stress inclination (progressive/regressive) on the gradation of the auxetic cellular structures (specimens with low or high porosity in front). These initial results prove that it is possible to tailor the mechanical behavior of a porous structure with introduction of graded porosity, especially in the case of high strain rate impact, where the main deformation occurs at the impacting front.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crushing Behavior of Graded Auxetic Structures Built from Inverted Tetrapods under Impact

Novak

Borovinšek

Vesenjak

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…As a result, FGMs are of great interest for numerous applications, including aerospace engineering, nuclear power generation, sensors, biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, and energy absorption systems. [ 7–12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Functionally Graded Materials and Structures via Additive Manufacturing: From Multi‐Scale Design to Versatile Functional Properties

Yan

Feng

Liu

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

297

116

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) and functionally graded structures (FGSs) are special types of advanced composites with peculiar features and advantages. This article reviews the design criteria of functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), which is capable of fabricating gradient components with versatile functional properties. Conventional geometrical‐based design concepts have limited potential for FGAM and multi‐scale design concepts (from geometrical patterning to microstructural design) are needed to develop gradient components with specific graded properties at different locations. FGMs and FGSs are of great interest to a larger range of industrial sectors and applications including aerospace, automotive, biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, energy absorbing structures, geological models, and heat exchangers. This review presents an overview of various fabrication ideas and suggestions for future research in terms of design and creation of FGMs and FGSs, benefiting a wide variety of scientific fields.

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“…At a comparable time—in the 1960s—the problem of impact load of metal tubes, especially of circular and square cross-section tubes, appeared in the article [ 1 , 2 ]. However, due to the underdevelopment of numerical methods, subsequent work started to appear only about twenty years later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behavior of this type of structure during axial, oblique, and lateral crushing has been extensively studied over the last decades. These studies are reflected in numerous publications, among which the review articles contain more and more titles [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], as well as in the emergence of valuable book items [ 4 , 5 ]. The deeper considerations taking into account the basis of analytical description and experimental research on thin-walled constructions were presented by Abramowicz [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Absorption Capability of Thin-Walled Prismatic Aluminum Tubes with Spherical Indentations

2020

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The paper presents the results of numerical tests of impact and energy absorption capacity of thin-walled columns, subjected to axial impact loading, made of aluminum alloy, and having a square cross-section and spherical indentations on their lateral surfaces. The numerical models were validated using an experiment that was conducted on the Instron CEAST 9350 High Energy System drop hammer. Material properties of the applied aluminum alloy were determined on the basis of a static tension test. The crushing behavior of the columns and some crashworthiness indicators were investigated. On the basis of the results of the conducted analyses, conclusions were drawn about the most beneficial design/constructional variants in terms of achieved crashworthiness parameters.

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A review on functionally graded structures and materials for energy absorption

Cited by 301 publications

References 130 publications

Crushing Behavior of Graded Auxetic Structures Built from Inverted Tetrapods under Impact

Crushing Behavior of Graded Auxetic Structures Built from Inverted Tetrapods under Impact

A Review on Functionally Graded Materials and Structures via Additive Manufacturing: From Multi‐Scale Design to Versatile Functional Properties

Energy Absorption Capability of Thin-Walled Prismatic Aluminum Tubes with Spherical Indentations

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