A review on full-scale decentralized wastewater treatment systems: techno-economical approach

Singh, Nitin Kumar; Kazmi, Absar Ahmad; Starkl, Markus

doi:10.2166/wst.2014.413

Cited by 135 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Thus, several WWTP facilities in developing countries have started to reduce their operation capacity, suspend operation, or end up being abandoned [4][5][6]. Therefore, decentralized wastewater treatment technologies based on anaerobic processes and constructed wetlands is attracting interest as a potential solution to reduce M&O costs [7][8][9]. This paper describes the performance of a functional pilot treatment process based on a combined anaerobic process and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland planted with the ornamental plant Agapanthus africanus, which uses zero energy consumption and no chemical additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Strength Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Reuse with Onsite Passive Methods

Anda

López-López

Villegas-García

et al. 2018

Water

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This paper describes the preliminary monitoring results of an onsite pilot wastewater treatment plant consisting of a septic tank, an anaerobic up-flow filter, and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland system planted with Agapanthus africanus. The system was designed to treat heavily polluted domestic wastewater produced in a research and development (R&D) center, reaching additional goals of zero energy consumption and eliminating the use of chemical additives. First water quality data shows that organic load in the treated sewage were removed achieving more than 95% efficiency. Nutrients were removed by almost 50%, and fecal and total coliform counts decreased by 99.96%. The results were compared to official Mexican regulations for wastewater discharged into lakes and reservoirs complied with all of them except for nutrients. In this pilot project, the resulting treated wastewater was directly reused for watering the green areas of the R&D center. The result was that the excess of nutrients improved the quality of the grass, avoiding the use of synthetic fertilizers, and created a wetland habitat for small wildlife species living in the area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Strength Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Reuse with Onsite Passive Methods

Anda

López-López

Villegas-García

et al. 2018

Water

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“…A frequent cause is the lack of appropriate measuring equipment, as well as the high variation in influent quality and quantity [11][12][13][14][15]. The pilot facility replicated the operation of a standard SWTP and was subjected to typical physicochemical measurements and less commonly performed microbiological tests, i.e., microscopic analysis.…”

Section: Activated Sludge In Biological Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Results from Microscopic Tests Concerning the Quality of Activated Sludge and Effluent

Sowińska

Pawlak

Mazurkiewicz

et al. 2017

Water

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Physicochemical studies on wastewater quality and microscopic analyses of activated sludge are necessary to properly evaluate the condition of activated sludge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the sludge biotic index to determine when a change in treatment quality is short-lived, caused by, e.g., a change in influent quality or quantity, and when it indicates adverse changes in the biocenosis of activated sludge, which would very likely result in the lower efficiency of wastewater treatment in the near future. The objects of the study were two identical parallel running small wastewater treatment plants. The following indicators of contamination were analyzed: the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), and total suspended solids (TSS). The authors additionally carried out a microscopic analysis. The study confirmed a correlation between the sludge biotic index and the removal efficiency of COD and BOD 5 ; however, no correlation was found between the sludge biotic index and the removal efficiency of total suspended solids. The presence of metazoan microorganisms coincided in time with a good effluent treatment efficiency. When their quantity declined, a decrease in the efficiency of wastewater treatment was also observed.

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“…Concluding that the two approaches are both needed and serve complementary functions, these authors call for follow‐up with an economic analysis. Singh and colleagues () review the performance of several dozens of treatment systems—natural, aerobic, and mixed—in terms of their effectiveness in removing contaminants, land requirements, and cost. All the ones covered are currently operational and deemed successful, but most of the available data are from developed countries, and the relative costs vary by region.…”

Section: Scenario Concepts For Sanitation and Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Case‐Study Framework Applied to Water Supply and Sanitation

Duchin

2016

J of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryOne goal of the local-to-global research program is to explore ways to reduce, if not reverse, threats to sustainability through analysis using mathematical models applied to shared databases. This article describes a global case-study framework for reconciling top-down with bottom-up approaches so they are mutually reinforcing for identifying and evaluating the effectiveness of different scenarios describing potential future actions. A strategic selection of cases makes it possible to distinguish and represent concrete characteristics of both common and atypical situations, whereas a global model is needed to provide an integrating conceptual framework based on a theory of consumption, production, and international exchanges that captures interdependencies among activities across regions. I discuss how the results of global analyses can be useful for framing case-study questions and selecting cases, whereas the cases, in turn, identify concerns of specific stakeholders and provide detailed information, including technical data, to supplement economic databases with their accounting origins. I describe ways to enhance collaborations between top-down and bottom-up researchers, using global, multiregional input-output databases to play a mediating role, while avoiding rigidities of premature closure and incorporating diverse perspectives. Responding to the high-priority global challenge of vastly expanding effective sanitation services in developing countries is used to illustrate these ideas.

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A review on full-scale decentralized wastewater treatment systems: techno-economical approach

Cited by 135 publications

References 61 publications

High-Strength Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Reuse with Onsite Passive Methods

High-Strength Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Reuse with Onsite Passive Methods

Comparison of the Results from Microscopic Tests Concerning the Quality of Activated Sludge and Effluent

A Global Case‐Study Framework Applied to Water Supply and Sanitation

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