A Review on Flexible Electrochemical Biosensors to Monitor Alcohol in Sweat

Costa, Nuna G.; Antunes, Joana C.; Paleo, A. J.; Rocha, Ana Maria A. C.

doi:10.3390/bios12040252

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Electrochemical techniques can be classified as amperometry, potentiometry, and coulometry. Amperometry measures the current in response to applying a constant or pulsed potential ( Costa et al, 2022 ). Voltammetry, a subclass of amperometry, is the most applied technique in diagnostics and environmental analysis, particularly cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV), because of its simplicity and speed ( Magar et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Electrochemical Signal Amplification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of antibody, aptamer, and nanomaterials synergistic systems for an amplified electrochemical signal

Reaño,

Escobar

2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The synergy between biomolecules with inorganic nanomaterials and nanoparticles has been investigated over the past years, primarily to improve biomarker reception, generate signals, and amplify the signals generated. In this paper, several articles on aptamer-based and antibody-based electrochemical biosensors that target antigens were examined. Among the key characteristics identified were the electrochemical platform development, which includes the usage of nanomaterials as electroactive or electrocatalytic labels, crosslinking of the biological agent with inorganic compounds, and electrode coating to provide an electronic source and support efficient electron transfer. A single approach using labeled or unlabeled biological receptors has become advantageous due to its simple architecture and more straightforward application method. However, the dual system approach allows the incorporation of more nanomaterials to boost the signal and add more features to the electrochemical system. The dual system approach uses a capture and reporter probe in a competitive or sandwich detection format. The reporter probe is often labeled by an electroactive or electrocatalytic compound or immobilized in a nanocarrier, resulting in an increase in measured peak current in proportion to the target’s concentration. The reported limit of detection and linear range for each platform is presented to assess its efficiency. Generally, the dual system aptasensor showed higher sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility than the immunosensor in comparable settings. The aptasensor showed promising results for the development of point-of-care type applications.

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Section: Electrochemical Signal Amplification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a reversible system, more intense signals are obtained using SWV, increasing the sensitivity compared to other voltammetric techniques. SWV is more rapid and sensitive than DPV due to the absence of interference caused by the background current ( Costa et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Electrochemical Signal Amplification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of antibody, aptamer, and nanomaterials synergistic systems for an amplified electrochemical signal

Reaño,

Escobar

2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Furthermore, it has been reported that some neurotransmitters have further roles (beyond simple intrasynaptic signal transmission), including brain functioning [ 30 , 124 ]. Additionally, by focusing on its inherent function for monitoring, electrochemical sensors can be applied to clinical investigations, along with the flexible/wearable/implantable electronic devices that have recently begun to attract attention in the biosensor field, enabling the practical real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter-related diseases in patients [ 125 , 126 , 127 ]. Electrochemical nanobiosensors can also be used as a core component in the development of probe-free electronic devices capable of performing sensing functions such as the electronic nose/tongue, for the monitoring of various targets, including neurotransmitters [ 128 ].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review on Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Neurotransmitter Detection

Choi,

Yoon

2023

Biosensors

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Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds released by nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, that play an essential role in the transmission of signals in living organisms, particularly in the central nervous system, and they also perform roles in realizing the function and maintaining the state of each organ in the body. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters can cause neurological disorders. This highlights the significance of precise neurotransmitter monitoring to allow early diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a complete multidisciplinary examination of electrochemical biosensors integrating nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in order to achieve the accurate detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters. We introduce extensively researched neurotransmitters and their respective functions in biological beings. Subsequently, electrochemical biosensors are classified based on methodologies employed for direct detection, encompassing the recently documented cell-based electrochemical monitoring systems. These methods involve the detection of neurotransmitters in neuronal cells in vitro, the identification of neurotransmitters emitted by stem cells, and the in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitters. The incorporation of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies into electrochemical biosensors has the potential to assist in the timely detection and management of neurological disorders. This study provides significant insights for researchers and clinicians regarding precise neurotransmitter monitoring and its implications regarding numerous biological applications.

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“…Most of the review articles are focused only on the development of wearable sensor electrodes and the related technologies for wireless data transmission [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Some articles are oriented towards the detection of a single metabolite [ 11 ], while some are focused on the detection of sweat metabolites by a particular type of nanomaterial [ 12 ]. However, there is a lack of review articles for accumulatively streamlined comprehensive discussion regarding the basics of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic sensor development for the electrochemical sensing of sweat metabolites followed by its integration with flexible substrates for fabricating wearable devices and an in-depth sensing mechanism under one umbrella.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Nanosensors for Sensitization of Sweat Metabolites: From Concept Mapping to Personalized Health Monitoring

2023

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Sweat contains a broad range of important biomarkers, which may be beneficial for acquiring non-invasive biochemical information on human health status. Therefore, highly selective and sensitive electrochemical nanosensors for the non-invasive detection of sweat metabolites have turned into a flourishing contender in the frontier of disease diagnosis. A large surface area, excellent electrocatalytic behavior and conductive properties make nanomaterials promising sensor materials for target-specific detection. Carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., CNT, carbon quantum dots, and graphene), noble metals (e.g., Au and Pt), and metal oxide nanomaterials (e.g., ZnO, MnO2, and NiO) are widely used for modifying the working electrodes of electrochemical sensors, which may then be further functionalized with requisite enzymes for targeted detection. In the present review, recent developments (2018–2022) of electrochemical nanosensors by both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic sensors for the effectual detection of sweat metabolites (e.g., glucose, ascorbic acid, lactate, urea/uric acid, ethanol and drug metabolites) have been comprehensively reviewed. Along with this, electrochemical sensing principles, including potentiometry, amperometry, CV, DPV, SWV and EIS have been briefly presented in the present review for a conceptual understanding of the sensing mechanisms. The detection thresholds (in the range of mM–nM), sensitivities, linear dynamic ranges and sensing modalities have also been properly addressed for a systematic understanding of the judicious design of more effective sensors. One step ahead, in the present review, current trends of flexible wearable electrochemical sensors in the form of eyeglasses, tattoos, gloves, patches, headbands, wrist bands, etc., have also been briefly summarized, which are beneficial for on-body in situ measurement of the targeted sweat metabolites. On-body monitoring of sweat metabolites via wireless data transmission has also been addressed. Finally, the gaps in the ongoing research endeavors, unmet challenges, outlooks and future prospects have also been discussed for the development of advanced non-invasive self-health-care-monitoring devices in the near future.

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A Review on Flexible Electrochemical Biosensors to Monitor Alcohol in Sweat

Cited by 14 publications

References 115 publications

A review of antibody, aptamer, and nanomaterials synergistic systems for an amplified electrochemical signal

A review of antibody, aptamer, and nanomaterials synergistic systems for an amplified electrochemical signal

An Updated Review on Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Neurotransmitter Detection

Electrochemical Nanosensors for Sensitization of Sweat Metabolites: From Concept Mapping to Personalized Health Monitoring

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