A review on fabrication and characteristics of functionally graded aluminum matrix composites fabricated by centrifugal casting method

Abstract

This paper delivers a detailed review of the influence of material and process variables on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological characteristics of functionally graded aluminum matrix composites (FGAMCs) produced by the ex-situ centrifugal casting method from previous studies. Also, the basic principle and classification of centrifugal casting to produce FGAMCs are illustrated. The ceramic reinforcement particles are classified based upon their uses in the processing of FGAMCs through the ex-situ centrifugal casting technique. In addition, using the linear regression model, an effort has been made to optimize the material and process variables to get enhance the mechanical properties. It is seen from the optimization while mold preheating temperature ranges 250–350 °C, centrifugal speed kept between 600 and 1300 rpm, pouring temperature in the range of 740–760 °C having reinforcement particle of 10–15 wt%, with an average particle size of 18–50 µm yield the maximum of hardness and tensile strength. This paper aims to provide direction to future researchers to develop advanced material using this route and thus, to boost technological growth.

Thermal buckling in multi-directional porous plates: The effects of material grading and aspect ratio

“…Equation ( 20) is inserted into equation (17), following the stability equations in terms of the displacement components equation (25). Based on the current improved shear deformation theory for FG plates, four stability equations are derived.…”

“…The material properties like elastic modulus do vary with reinforcement shapes and are maximum for spherical particles than irregular ones. In centrifugal casting, different temperature ranges cause improper solidification, 24,25 and in additive manufacturing, it occurs because of rapid heating and solidification. 26,27 Estimation of material properties of porous FGMs is an important research area, for perfect FGMs there is an empirical relation, but there are unknowns such as stress–strain transfer ratio ( q ) which are unquantifiable mathematically and so experiments are being conducted.…”

Fabrication and microstructural characterization of Al-SiC based functionally graded disk

“…Metal-ceramic-based FGMs are candidate materials for high-temperature applications (Mortensen and Suresh, 1995). There are numerous fabrication techniques available for FGMs, which are classified as gas-based (chemical vapor deposition, thermal spray), liquid phase (centrifugal casting (Verma et al , 2021; slip casting, electrophoretic deposition) and solid-phase processes (additive manufacturing; Ghorbanpour et al , 2021; Hotz et al , 2021; Schneider-Maunoury et al , 2020) ultrasonic consolidation (UC; Kumar, 2010), electroless process (Touri and Monirvaghefi, 2020), powder metallurgy (Madan and Bhowmick, 2020). The solidification route, on the other hand, is preferred for its economics and ability to produce large-scale components (Rajan and Pai, 2014).…”

Deformation and stress analysis of rotating functionally graded hollow cylindrical body for variable heat generation

“…Mainly the choice of functionally graded material selected is a combination of a metal-ceramic type wherein the metal provides the toughness and ceramic the wear resistance, therefore, the structure then obtained has potential applications in areas like nuclear energy, defense, biomedical, aerospace, energy-based, semiconductor, and cutting tools to name a few [3]. Various methods are available for the fabrication of FGMs such as solid-based, liquid-based, and gas-based, but for the fabrication of axisymmetric structures, a centrifugal casting method was found to be an effective fabrication technique [4][5][6]. To ascertain the performance of such structures, a prior analysis would be advantageous, as it saves costs, time, and other resources.…”