A Review on Esthesioneuroblastoma

Rao, Kartika R.; Upadhya, Ila B

doi:10.1007/s12070-021-02726-2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is a lack of consensus on the incidence in both sexes. Some studies have reported that ONB affects men and women equally [16,17], while a few studies have reported that it is slightly more common in men [18][19][20][21]. Our study showed a male predominance (60.3% of patients were men).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Olfactory Neuroblastoma Is Not Always Located at the Roof of the Nasal Cavity

Hirunpat,

Panyaping,

Hirunpat

2024

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology

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Objectives: To evaluate the imaging characteristics of the tumor, emphasizing its location, and to determine the frequency of typical and atypical locations of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB). Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of patients with pathologically proven ONB between April 2000 and April 2023. Demographic information, chief complaints, tumor location, and tumor extension were extracted.Results: Of the 58 patients, 50 (86.2%) had the epicenter of the mass at the superior part of the nasal cavity, while eight patients (13.8%) had the epicenter at other atypical locations: seven patients (12.1%) at the middle part of the nasal cavity and one patient (1.7%) within both sphenoid sinuses. Conclusion:ONB is not always present in the upper part or the roof of the nasal cavity, and a significant number of ONBs are occasionally found in the rest of the nasal cavity and other atypical locations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Olfactory Neuroblastoma Is Not Always Located at the Roof of the Nasal Cavity

Hirunpat,

Panyaping,

Hirunpat

2024

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology

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“…The authors recommend examination every 3-6 months with a CT scan and/or MRI for surveillance for a period of 2 years, which can be extended to 6-12 months afterward for a period of 10 years, or indefinitely. According to the litterature , Hyams grade, lymph node metastasis, Kadish stage, and extent of resection are proven to be the main prognosis factors [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Craniofacial resection has become the best surgical procedure for achieving safe, en-bloc resection of the disease. Radiotherapy is systematically recommended, even after the resection of early stages of lesions with negative surgical margins 15 , 17 . Chemotherapy is reserved for unresectable or recurrent tumors as it was in our case, and for metastatic cases.…”

Section: Clinical Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atypical Esthesioneuroblastoma of the sphenoid sinus: a case report

Touihmi

Horrane

Rkain

2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Introduction and importance: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare tumor, arising from the olfactory epithelium. It manifests as an aggressive tumor in the superior aspect of the nasal cavity. Sinonasal symptoms are the most common. The cervical lymph nodes ensue in nearly 10% of cases and hematogenous metastases are rare. The diagnosis is histological. This tumor is staged using the Kadish et al System. The imaging techniques, using both computed tomography (CT) and MRI provides all the important information required for treatment modality. Today, the standard multimodal treatment combining external craniofacial resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy has improved long-term survival. Case presentation: A 27-year-old male patient with no medical history, complained of a headache, a unilateral right nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia for 2 months. Nasal endoscopy showed a pinkish-gray mass filling the right nasal cavity. An enhanced-contrast CT scan was performed and objectified a mildly enhancing extensive mass of the sphenoid sinus with bone erosion of the left wall of the sinus and intracranial involvement. An intranasal biopsy was performed, resulting in a histopathological diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma. Our case was staged as stage C according to the Kadish staging. The tumor was inoperable, the patient had chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and pain management. Clinical discussion: ENB is an aggressive malignant tumor derived from the specialized olfactory neuroepithelium of the upper nasal cavity. Several published reports confirm ectopic cases of ENB throughout the nasal cavity and the central nervous system. Because sinonasal malignant lesions are rare and difficult to distinguish from their benign counterparts. ENBs appears as a soft, glistening, polypoidal, or nodular mass covered by intact mucosa or as friable masses with ulceration and granulation tissue. A radiological, CT scan through the skull base and paranasal sinuses with intravenous contrast should be performed. ENBs are solid, enhancing nasal cavity masses that may manifest erosion into nearby osseous. MRI provides better discrimination between tumor and secretions and optimal assessment of orbital, intracranial, or brain parenchymal involvement. The biopsy is the next important step in securing a diagnosis. Classic treatment strategies of ENB are based on surgery or radiotherapy as unique modalities or a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. More recently, chemotherapy has been introduced in the therapeutic armamentarium since ENB has proven to be chemosensitive. The elective neck dissection remains controversial. Long-term follow-up is mandatory for patients with ENB. Conclusion: While most ENBs originate in the superior nasal vault and present with typical symptoms of nasal obstruction and epistaxis in the late stages of the disease, uncommon manifestations should be considered as well. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in patients with advanced disease and unresectable disease. A continuing follow-up period is needed.

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“…propensity score matching Background Esthesineuroblastoma (ENB), a rare malignancy of the nasal skull base, was first reported by Berger and Luc in 1924 [1]. It typically originates between the nasal cavity and the ethmoid plate in the upper part of the nasal vault.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of elective neck irradiation in management of esthesioneuroblastoma: a retrospective study based on Propensity Score Matching

Zhao,

Yan,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy of elective neck irradiation (ENI) in patients with esthesineuroblastoma (ENB), a rare malignant neoplasm, who are clinically node-negative. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 178 patients newly diagnosed with ENB at our institution between 2009 and 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to compare node-negative patients treated with and without ENI. We extensively examined survival outcomes and treatment failure. Results Of the 178 participants, 149 (83.7%) were lymph node-negative and staged in Modified Kadish A-C. 96 patients underwent ENI treatment, while 53 did not. At baseline, patients who received ENI differed from those who did not in terms of radiotherapy technique, staging, orbital invasion, surgical mode, and chemotherapy. After PSM, 43 pairs were available for analysis. ENI was observed to extend overall survival (OS, 5-year 73.9% vs. 84.0%; 3-year 76.9% vs. 97.1%, p = 0.022), progression-free survival (PFS, 5-year 38.5% vs. 84.6%; 3-year 50.5% vs. 94.5%, p < 0.001) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS, 5-year 42.7% vs. 84.6%, p = 0.023; 3-year 57.3% vs. 94.5%, p < 0.001) in node-negative ENI patients. Failure pattern analyses revealed that ENI, which included level Ib, II, VIIa, significantly reduced the treatment failure rate. Furthermore, ENI did not significantly impact the prognosis of T1-2 patients, indicating potential clinical value of ENI in T3-4 patients. Conclusions Our findings suggested that ENI decreased regional failure and significantly enhanced LRFS and PFS. ENI may be considered as an integral part of the initial treatment strategy for locally advanced node-negative ENB patients.

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A Review on Esthesioneuroblastoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Olfactory Neuroblastoma Is Not Always Located at the Roof of the Nasal Cavity

Olfactory Neuroblastoma Is Not Always Located at the Roof of the Nasal Cavity

An atypical Esthesioneuroblastoma of the sphenoid sinus: a case report

The value of elective neck irradiation in management of esthesioneuroblastoma: a retrospective study based on Propensity Score Matching

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