A review on erosion-reducing additive materials to extend the lifespan of gun barrels

Fan, Wei; Gao, Ping

doi:10.1007/s10853-021-06558-x

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…BN coated ammunition is currently used commercially for small arms to lubricate barrels and ammunition. The undecomposed inorganic particles and boron nitride with excellent wear resistance may reduce erosion and wear of the gun barrel because of their high decomposition temperature and high hardness [34]. The related tests will be conducted in future work.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Researches and Work Of Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in High Temperature‐Resistant Performance and Waterproof Property of Combustible Cartridge Case with BEMS Resin Based Composite Coating

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Combustible cartridge case (CCC) is an important charge component which is very suitable for the weapon systems that need light load. It is a kind of nitrocellulosebased porous material which has a low ignition temperature and strong hygroscopicity. Thus, if the surface of the CCC is not protected very well when it is used in modern weapon with faster fire rate, it will be easy to self-ignite in the high-temperature gun barrel and absorb moisture in a high-humidity environment. These problems will worsen both the safety of gun operators and the combustion performance of CCC. However, they are not solved well by current research and industrial practice. Herein, we designed a new composite coating which can improve both the high temperature-resistant performance at a higher temperature and waterproof property of CCC. The boron nitride (BN) and epoxy resin were used to modify silicone resin. The BN and epoxy modified silicone (BEMS) resin, inorganic adiabatic fillers and other additives were mixed together to prepare a BEMS resin based composite coating solution, and then the solution was sprayed on the surface of the combustible cartridge case to form a protective coating. The chemical structure of BEMS resin was investigated by FTIR.The thermal stability of coating films was analyzed by TGA. The high temperature-resistant performance, water contact angle on the surface and waterproof property of the coated CCC were analyzed by muffle furnace experiment, water contact angle tester and immersion test, respectively. Results show that boron nitride and epoxy resin were successfully grafted on silicone resin chains. Compared with control samples, the thermal decomposition rate of the prepared coating films is significantly reduced. The coated CCC will keep 108.8 seconds while not burning at 230 °C. The heat resistant time increased by 16.74 % at 230 °C. The water contact angle on the surface of the coated CCC can reach 105.71°which was improved by 67.01°. After being soaked for one hour, the water absorption of the coated CCC is reduced by 96 % in distilled water and by 99 % in 3.5 wt % of sodium chloride solution. Compared with most present coatings, the new BEMS resin based composite coating which we designed can improve both the high temperature-resistant performance and waterproof property of the CCC significantly and effectively. It provided a new way for study on the protective coating of CCC.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Researches and Work Of Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in High Temperature‐Resistant Performance and Waterproof Property of Combustible Cartridge Case with BEMS Resin Based Composite Coating

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…1,11−15 The inhibitors usually involve inorganic materials with a low thermal conductivity like talc, TiO 2 CaCO 3 , and BN, and organic materials like paraffin and silicone. 1,8,11,12 These inhibitor materials can be directly incorporated into the gun propellant matrix 13,16,17 or added to the propellant charge placed between the projectile and propellant grains. 11,12,16 These inhibitors include not only single material like silicone oil, talc, TiO 2 , K 2 SO 4 , and BN 1,6,8 but also the mixing of inorganic and organic inhibitor materials like titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )/ paraffin, talc/paraffin, and microcapsules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,8,11,12 These inhibitor materials can be directly incorporated into the gun propellant matrix 13,16,17 or added to the propellant charge placed between the projectile and propellant grains. 11,12,16 These inhibitors include not only single material like silicone oil, talc, TiO 2 , K 2 SO 4 , and BN 1,6,8 but also the mixing of inorganic and organic inhibitor materials like titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )/ paraffin, talc/paraffin, and microcapsules. 13−15 In this perspective, recent research efforts have been dedicated to the synthesis and optimization of composition for inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, the incorporation of wear-reducing additives into propellant charges has emerged as an efficient and low-cost technique, extensively employed in a diverse range of firearm systems over recent decades. ,− The inhibitors usually involve inorganic materials with a low thermal conductivity like talc, TiO 2 CaCO 3 , and BN, and organic materials like paraffin and silicone. ,,, These inhibitor materials can be directly incorporated into the gun propellant matrix ,, or added to the propellant charge placed between the projectile and propellant grains. ,, These inhibitors include not only single material like silicone oil, talc, TiO 2 , K 2 SO 4 , and BN ,, but also the mixing of inorganic and organic inhibitor materials like titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )/paraffin, talc/paraffin, and microcapsules. − In this perspective, recent research efforts have been dedicated to the synthesis and optimization of composition for inhibitors. ,, Some types of inhibitors show significant erosion-reducing effects for general propellants, including single-, double-, triple-, and RDX-based gun propellants. However, conventional inhibitor materials also face challenges in achieving the desired erosion-reducing effect for propellants with higher energy due to the continuously increasing demand for modern high chamber pressure guns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Various Flame Temperatures of the Gun Propellant on the Effectiveness of the Erosion Inhibitor and Relevant Mechanisms

Wang,

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The development of high energy gun propellants faces significant challenges in terms of erosion, partly due to the inadequate effectiveness of erosion inhibitors. In this paper, the influence of quite different flame temperature of five gun-propellants on erosion-reducing efficiency of four representative inhibitors materials (talc/TiO 2 / PDMS/ Paraffin) were studied in vented erosion vessel tester. From aspects of morphologies and element compositions of erode steel samples, as well as the pressure and heat generated by propellant burning, the relevant erosion-reducing processes and mechanisms were discussed. The results indicated that erosion inhibitors should be appropriately selected according to the type of gun propellant. The erosion of gun propellants having extremely high flame temperature of 3810 K were hardly reduced using talc, TiO 2 , and PDMS inhibitors, which can generate numerous solid particles aggravating the melt-wipe process. While paraffin exhibits a uniquely positive erosion-reducing efficiency for the gun propellant having a flame temperature of 3810 K, that was attributed to the mitigated melt-wipe process. The inference was further supported by the high-volume cooling gas, resulting from the higher burning pressure of propellants loading with paraffin and excellent heat absorption capacity of paraffin tested with propellants having higher propellant flame temperature. The obtained results indicated that the factors of flame temperature of gun propellants should be taken into the design and composition optimization of an effective inhibitor. This work could provide potential reference for the development of future novel inhibitors, which serves as high energy gun propellants.

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“…However, thermal treatment is required to enhance mechanical characteristics, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. 31,48,49…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature review on Al-Si alloy matrix based in situ Al-Mg₂Si FG-composites: Synthesis, microstructure features, and mechanical characteristics

Ram¹,

Chattopadhyay

Bhushan

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The current study examined a comprehensive review of the literature on functionally graded composites, particularly Al-Mg2Si in situ metal matrix composites. Functionally graded Al-Si-Mg2Si in situ metal matrix composites are potential materials for meeting a variety of property demands in various components of automotive engines. The in situ formed intermetallic compound Mg2Si in Al-Si matrix exhibits a high melting temperature, low density, high hardness, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and a reasonably high elastic modulus. Due to all of aforementioned characteristics, Mg2Si is an attractive form of reinforcement that can be created in situ using a simple melt reaction approach. However, the coarse size of primary Mg2Si reinforcement in cast composites is a demerit which reduces the strength and ductility of the ultimate composite. Hence several researches have been attempted to refine the primary Mg2Si particles as well as to change the morphology of the eutectic structure. Apart from the monolithic in situ cast composites, attempts have been made to develop functionally graded (FG) composites in which the volume% of segregation of reinforcements are intentionally varied from one surface to another. These types of FG composites are economically developed by centrifugal casting technique in which Mg2Si reinforcements are segregated to inner the surface due to lower relative density with respect to the molten Al matrix. This type of graded microstructure results in higher strength, hardness and wears resistance at the inner surface of the tubular products. The as-cast microstructure and properties are significantly improved by solution treatment and aging. In the last, some of the most recent manufacturing techniques for FG-composites are addressed, along with their benefits, drawbacks, and applications. In general, all cutting-edge and detailed surveys of the present state of knowledge are included in this article.

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A review on erosion-reducing additive materials to extend the lifespan of gun barrels

Cited by 21 publications

References 86 publications

Improvement in High Temperature‐Resistant Performance and Waterproof Property of Combustible Cartridge Case with BEMS Resin Based Composite Coating

Improvement in High Temperature‐Resistant Performance and Waterproof Property of Combustible Cartridge Case with BEMS Resin Based Composite Coating

Influence of Various Flame Temperatures of the Gun Propellant on the Effectiveness of the Erosion Inhibitor and Relevant Mechanisms

A literature review on Al-Si alloy matrix based in situ Al-Mg₂Si FG-composites: Synthesis, microstructure features, and mechanical characteristics

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A review on erosion-reducing additive materials to extend the lifespan of gun barrels

Cited by 21 publications

References 86 publications

Improvement in High Temperature‐Resistant Performance and Waterproof Property of Combustible Cartridge Case with BEMS Resin Based Composite Coating

Improvement in High Temperature‐Resistant Performance and Waterproof Property of Combustible Cartridge Case with BEMS Resin Based Composite Coating

Influence of Various Flame Temperatures of the Gun Propellant on the Effectiveness of the Erosion Inhibitor and Relevant Mechanisms

A literature review on Al-Si alloy matrix based in situ Al-Mg2Si FG-composites: Synthesis, microstructure features, and mechanical characteristics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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A literature review on Al-Si alloy matrix based in situ Al-Mg₂Si FG-composites: Synthesis, microstructure features, and mechanical characteristics