A Review on Environmental Radon and Its Potential Health Risk on Humans

J, Ojo T.; R, Ajayi I.

doi:10.9790/2402-08140108

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Decay of radon yields radioactive solids (radon daughters) which are α-emitters and attach to dust particles and are then inhaled. This inhalation has been linked to lung cancer [460,461]. Radon exposure may also lead to production of toxic reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Group 18: the Noble Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The elements of life and medicines

Chellan

Sadler

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

195

117

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Which elements are essential for human life? Here we make an element-by-element journey through the periodic table and attempt to assess whether elements are essential or not, and if they are, whether there is a relevant code for them in the human genome. There are many difficulties such as the human biochemistry of several so-called essential elements is not well understood, and it is not clear how we should classify elements that are involved in the destruction of invading microorganisms, or elements which are essential for microorganisms with which we live in symbiosis. In general, genes do not code for the elements themselves, but for specific chemical species, i.e. for the element, its oxidation state, type and number of coordinated ligands, and the coordination geometry. Today, the biological periodic table is in a position somewhat similar to Mendeleev's chemical periodic table of 1869: there are gaps and we need to do more research to fill them. The periodic table also offers potential for novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents, based on not only essential elements, but also non-essential elements, and on radionuclides. Although the potential for inorganic chemistry in medicine was realized more than 2000 years ago, this area of research is still in its infancy. Future advances in the design of inorganic drugs require more knowledge of their mechanism of action, including target sites and metabolism. Temporal speciation of elements in their biological environments at the atomic level is a major challenge, for which new methods are urgently needed.

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Section: Group 18: the Noble Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radon exposure may also lead to production of toxic reactive oxygen species. Dissolved radon in a pregnant woman's bloodstream can have detrimental consequences including retardation of brain development and even death [460]. Accumulation of radon in homes is a potential problem.…”

Section: Group 18: the Noble Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elements of life and medicines

Chellan

Sadler

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

195

117

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“…Radon is found in varying concentrations in soil, rocks and water, and can enter buildings through cracks, gaps and other openings in the foundation. [2][3][4][5] Rn is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. 6 When radon is inhaled, it can damage the DNA in cells lining the lungs, leading to the development of cancer over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radon is found in varying concentrations in soil, rocks and water, and can enter buildings through cracks, gaps and other openings in the foundation. 2–5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor radon mitigation strategies: The Alto Minho region (Northern Portugal) practical case

Nunes

Curado

Lopes

2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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The article explores techniques for mitigating indoor radon in buildings, including soil depressurization, anti-radon coatings and membranes, interior mechanical building pressurization, and natural and forced ventilation procedures. The effectiveness of each technique depends on various factors, such as indoor radon level or building construction type. The region of Alto Minho, Northern Portugal, mostly comprises single-family housing with different structures and materials, and performing an assessment stage is crucial for selecting the appropriate mitigation method. The ageing and declining population in the region suggests that the rehabilitation of existing buildings is more likely than the implementation of new construction. The article also emphasizes the potential impacts of soil depressurization and pressurization on soil geotechnical properties. Anti-radon barriers and mortars have been effectively used in high indoor radon concentration situations and can be combined with natural or forced ventilation procedures and real-time multi-parameter monitoring for improving indoor air quality and energy efficiency of buildings.

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Radon emission from soil gases in the active fault zones in the Capital of China and its environmental effects

Zhi

Liu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The release of radon in active fault zones is a sustained radioactive pollution source of the atmospheric environment. The species, concentration and flux of radon emitted in soil gas in active fault zones in the Capital of China were investigated by in-situ field measurements. Two main species of radon discharging from soil gas in active fault zones were identified, including radon diffused and dispersed from permeable soil, and upwelling from faults. Higher concentrations and flux of radon from faults were observed in the Bohai Bay Basin due to the accumulated uranium in the sandstone reservoirs and higher permeability of the strata and bed rocks. Increased radon released by strong earthquakes persists, with the max flux of 334.56 mBq m−2 s−1 observed in FN (Fengnan district) located at the epicenter of the 28 July, 1976 Tangshan MS 7.8 earthquake. The level of radon released in 8 of 22 locations within the Basin and Range Province (to the west of Taihangshan piedmont fault Zone) reached level 2, and 13 of 14 locations within the Bohai Bay Basin reached levels 2–4, according to the Chinese Code (GB 50325–2001, 2006). Corresponding protective and safety measures should be in place to protect the health of nearby residents, due to their exposure to radon emitted from the faults. Also, the concentration of radon in active fault zones should be investigated to assess the possible risk, before land-use is planned.

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A Review on Environmental Radon and Its Potential Health Risk on Humans

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

The elements of life and medicines

The elements of life and medicines

Indoor radon mitigation strategies: The Alto Minho region (Northern Portugal) practical case

Radon emission from soil gases in the active fault zones in the Capital of China and its environmental effects

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