A review on electrocoagulation process for the removal of emerging contaminants: theory, fundamentals, and applications

Bajpai, Mukul; Katoch, Surjit Singh; Kadier, Abudukeremu; Singh, Adarsh

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-18348-8

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…As pH values increases above 5.0, the Cr(VI) degradation starts decreasing. This can be explained by the continuous releasee of Fe 2+ through anodic scarification/ oxidation (Equation 3) [29]:…”

Section: Effect Of Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Through Box-Behnken Design for Cr(VI) Degradation from Real Tannery Wastewater Using Graphite Electrode by Electrocoagulation

Bajpai

Sharma

Katoch

2022

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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The mitigation of tannery effluents is a rising issue owing to the complex mixture of contaminants and hazardous chemicals, mostly chromium. The disposal of tannery effluent into the various water sources such as ponds, lakes, rivers, etc., affects the ecosystem and aquatic lives. The current work scrutinizes the performance of EC unit for Cr(VI) degradation from real tannery effluent. The chromium removal efficiency was evaluated using an iron and graphite electrode in parallel arrangement (MP-P). The iron anode was employed to generate metal coagulant species whereas, graphite served as the cathode. Furthermore, based upon factors mainly pH, current density (CD), electrolysis duration and initial pollutant concentration, the process was statistically optimized using BBD-based response surface methodology (RSM). Optimization of all the four independent variables was determined to be pH = 5.27, CD = 6.26 mA/cm2, electrolysis time = 26.7 minutes and initial concentration = 133.62 mg/L respectively based on which maximum chromium removal efficiency of 89.12% was obtained. Residual, response, probability, 3D surfaces, and contour plots were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

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Section: Effect Of Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Through Box-Behnken Design for Cr(VI) Degradation from Real Tannery Wastewater Using Graphite Electrode by Electrocoagulation

Bajpai

Sharma

Katoch

2022

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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“…Electrocoagulation (EC) is considered an energy-efficient and sustainable alternative to chemical coagulation for water and wastewater treatment because of its environmental compatibility, eco-friendly automation, compact design, high removal rate of particulates, chemical-free operation, cost effectiveness, and minimum sludge generation. − Furthermore, EC and EC/flotation processes have demonstrated effectiveness in removing inorganic contaminants and pathogens from industrial wastewaters and surface waters. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Restoration of Iron Electrodes by Polarity Reversal after Long-Term Surface Fouling in Wastewater Electrocoagulation

Jang,

Castillo,

Dutta

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Iron electrocoagulation (Fe-EC) performance often declines with time, producing lower contaminant removal efficiencies and higher energy requirements due to formation of a fouling layer on the electrodes. Here, we investigate the formation of the fouling layer and the effectiveness of polarity reversal to restore the Fe-EC performance. A thin, porous iron oxide layer initially forms on the anode, thickening into a dense, over 150-μm thick crystalline layer after extended operation. This fouling layer restricts dissolution and diffusion of Fe ions into the bulk solution, thus increasing the anode potential required to maintain a desired electrical current and decreasing Faradaic efficiency. Polarity reversal applied when performance decline is observed effectively removes the fouling layer, thereby restoring Faradaic and contaminant removal efficiencies and decreasing energy consumption. Our findings suggest that gas generation at the cathode surface after polarity reversal causes removal of the fouling layer. This study enhances the current understanding of fouling-layer formation in Fe-EC and offers a practical approach, involving polarity reversal, to maintain electrode reactivity and optimal Fe-EC performance.

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“…Several wastewater treatment methods have been investigated for the degradation/removal of NRFX from wastewater such as adsorption [ 1 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ], membrane filtration [19] , adsorption-photocatalytic [20] , coagulation [21] , electrocoagulation [22] , [23] , [24] , photo-Fenton [25] , electro-Fenton [26] , photocatalyst [27] , sonocatalytic [28] , etc. The membrane separation method is costly and susceptible to fouling [18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the adsorption method for norfloxacin reduction from aqueous media

Ohale¹,

Igwegbe²,

Iwuozor³

et al. 2023

MethodsX

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A review on electrocoagulation process for the removal of emerging contaminants: theory, fundamentals, and applications

Cited by 31 publications

References 140 publications

Optimization Through Box-Behnken Design for Cr(VI) Degradation from Real Tannery Wastewater Using Graphite Electrode by Electrocoagulation

Optimization Through Box-Behnken Design for Cr(VI) Degradation from Real Tannery Wastewater Using Graphite Electrode by Electrocoagulation

Performance Restoration of Iron Electrodes by Polarity Reversal after Long-Term Surface Fouling in Wastewater Electrocoagulation

A review of the adsorption method for norfloxacin reduction from aqueous media

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