A review on dental whitening

Alkahtani, Rawan; Stone, Simon; German, Matthew J.; Waterhouse, Paula

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103423

Cited by 79 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…It has been discussed that high concentrated bleaching gels with pH values varying from acidic to alkaline promoted alterations in enamel chemical composition, demineralization and microhardness reduction (De Moraes et al, 2015;Furlan et al, 2017;Pecho et al, 2018). These changes also have been attributed to the oxidative effect and chemical composition of bleaching agents (Sa et al, 2013;Kwon & Wertz, 2015;Alkahtani et al, 2020). In this study, one of the factors that may have contributed to the greater enamel demineralization in the group containing 0.5% potassium nitrate was the low pH (2.6) of the bleaching gel, which was lower than the pH values of other treatment groups and also of the critical pH of enamel dissolving (5.5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeito da aplicação prévia ou adição de dessensibilizantes em géis de peróxido de hidrogênio no esmalte clareado

Macêdo¹,

Santos²,

Duarte³

et al. 2021

RSD

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This in vitro study evaluated the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide (35HP) gels with different desensitizing agents on color, microhardness and roughness of bleached enamel. Forty enamel-dentin specimens (6x6x2 mm2) were obtained from twenty human molars. After color measurement with a spectrophotometer, the specimens were randomized into four groups (n= 10): 35HPw- 35HP without desensitizing agent; 35HPCa- 35HP with calcium; 35HPK- 35HP with 0.5% potassium nitrate; 35HPTFa- 35HPw + topical application of 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride (TFa). Specimens were evaluated for color (∆Eab* and ∆E00), Vickers microhardness (VHN) and, superficial and volumetric roughness (Ra and Sa, µm) using a 3D non-contact profilometer before and 1-week after bleaching. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (p< 0.05). Both treatment groups promoted a significant whitening effect and there was no difference between them for any color parameters evaluated. All groups reduced significantly the VHN, but the 35HPK showed a reduction significantly major than the other groups. 35HPCa and 35HP+TFa did not avoid the of Ra and Sa increasing. It can be concluded that 35HP bleaching gels with different desensitizing agents did not affect the whitening efficacy. However, all treatments decreased the microhardness, the addition of calcium into 35HP gel and the application of TFa before bleaching did not revert the enamel roughness under in vitro conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the low pH can promote enamel demineralization (Jurema et al, 2018) and changes in the chemical composition, morphology and mechanical properties of the dental structure (Xu, Li & Wang, 2011;Sa et al, 2013;Trentino et al, 2015;Jurema et al, 2018;Alkahtani et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeito da aplicação prévia ou adição de dessensibilizantes em géis de peróxido de hidrogênio no esmalte clareado

Macêdo¹,

Santos²,

Duarte³

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…Considering that approximately 2–8 h/day per 2–3 weeks is required for CP to produce the desired results [ 5 , 6 ], these long sessions are perceived by patients as uncomfortable [ 5 , 7 ]. Several protocols using different bleaching agents have been proposed to overcome the issues associated with CP [ 8 ]. Among the potential bleaching agents used for at-home applications is the hydrogen peroxide (HP), which represents a reliable alternative to CP as it provides a faster release and greater efficiency, thus decreasing usage times to 30 min–1 h per day [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, the outcomes of nHA-enriched bleaching agent are still unknown. For instance, color and surface changes should be investigated in order to evaluate their efficacy [ 8 ]. The most frequently used method to evaluate the color is based on the International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internacional de l’Eclairage, CIE) LAB system [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Evaluation of Nanohydroxyapatite-Enriched Hydrogen Peroxide Home Bleaching System on Color, Hardness and Microstructure of Dental Enamel

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to evaluate two hydrogen peroxide (HP)-based at-home bleaching systems in order to analyze whether nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) addition may represent a reliable and safe solution for tooth whitening without altering dental microstructure and hardness. Human third molars (N = 15) were treated with two bleaching agents, one containing 6%HP (6HP) and the other 6% HP nHA-enriched (6HP-nHA) with average particle diameter ranging from 5–20 nm. Their effects on enamel were assessed using a spectrophotometer, Vickers microhardness (VMH) test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), comparing the treated groups with the non-treated control group (CTR). Color analysis revealed improvement in whiteness in both groups compared to CTR. VMH test results showed no differences among the groups. SEM analysis highlighted no evident changes in the enamel microstructure of tested groups compared to CTR. At high magnification, in 6HP group, a slight increase in irregularities of enamel surface morphology was observed, while 6HP-nHA group displayed removal of the aprismatic layer but preservation of the intact prismatic structure. These results suggest that the 6HP-nHA agent may be recommended to provide reliable whitening treatment, without damaging the enamel micromorphology and hardness.

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“…Haywood y Heymann describieron la técnica en 1989, que consistía en la aplicación de PC al 10% en una cubeta durante ocho horas en la noche (Alkahtani et al, 2020) (Sulieman et al, 2006) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Comparación de la eficacia del color y sensibilidad entre el Peróxido de Hidrógeno y Peróxido de Carbamida: Revisión de la literatura

García

Chimbo

Astudillo

2021

RSD

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Hoy en día existen varios métodos de aplicación del peróxido de carbamida e hidrógeno para su uso en el clareamiento dental, mediante esta investigación de la literatura se trata de determinar cuál es la mejor opción. Objetivo: Comparar mediante una revisión de literatura la eficacia del color y la sensibilidad dental producida por el peróxido de hidrógeno y el peróxido de carbamida. Método: Las bases de datos empleadas fueron PUBMED, Scopus y Web of Science. El método de búsqueda fue “TOOTH WHITENING AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE” aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo 9 artículos para esta revisión de la literatura. Resultado: De acuerdo a los estudios analizados se encontró que todos los agentes aclaradores mejoran el aspecto del color de las estructuras dentales. En la mayoría de los estudios la sensibilidad dental, estaba presente; sin embargo, el peróxido de carbamida produce menos sensibilidad. Conclusión: El peróxido de hidrógeno como el peróxido de carbamida son efectivos para producir un cambio de color de los dientes. En los dientes más oscuros el tratamiento es más efectivo independientemente del agente aclarante utilizado. Por otro lado, la sensibilidad es menor cuando se aplica peróxido de carbamida.

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A review on dental whitening

Cited by 79 publications

References 121 publications

Efeito da aplicação prévia ou adição de dessensibilizantes em géis de peróxido de hidrogênio no esmalte clareado

Efeito da aplicação prévia ou adição de dessensibilizantes em géis de peróxido de hidrogênio no esmalte clareado

A Comparative Evaluation of Nanohydroxyapatite-Enriched Hydrogen Peroxide Home Bleaching System on Color, Hardness and Microstructure of Dental Enamel

Comparación de la eficacia del color y sensibilidad entre el Peróxido de Hidrógeno y Peróxido de Carbamida: Revisión de la literatura

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