A review on cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tool material

Muthuswamy, Padmakumar; Dinakaran, D.

doi:10.1080/10426914.2020.1843668

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…This movement leads to the formation of a new structure that alters the characteristics of the metal. It is believed that at lower temperatures, namely cryogenic environments, similar movements occur in the atomic structure of the material, and these movements change the characteristics of the metal [35]. In this study, the cryogenic treatment applied to the material increased the hardness of the material, albeit slightly.…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Investigation of the effect of cutting parameters on the milling process of cryogenically treated aluminum alloy with cryogenically treated and untreated inserts, using the Taguchi and Gray Relational Analysis methods

Samtaş¹,

Bektaş²

2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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The aluminum 6061 alloy is commonly employed in the automotive industry in the manufacture of rims, panels and even the chasses of vehicles and has excellent machinability. In this study, the surface of the cryogenically processed aluminum 6061-T651 alloy was milled using both untreated and cryogenically treated TiN-TiCN-Al2O3-coated cutting inserts. The Taguchi L18 orthogonal array was chosen as the experimental design. As the cutting parameters in the experiments, two different cutting inserts (untreated and cryogenically treated, TiN-TiCN-Al2O3-coated), three different cutting speeds (250, 350 and 450 m/min) and three different feed rates (0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mm/rev) were used. After each experiment, the surface roughness and wear values of the cutting inserts were measured, the latter after repeating the experiment five times. Wear and roughness values were optimized using the Taguchi method. Additionally, Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) was used for the combined optimization of wear and roughness values. The optimized findings determined using Taguchi optimization for minimum surface roughness were the cryogenically treated cutting insert, 250 m/min cutting speed and 0.45 mm/rev feed rate. The optimized findings for wear were the cryogenically treated cutting insert, 350 m/min cutting speed and 0.30 mm/rev feed rate. In the optimization with GRA, the common optimum parameters for surface roughness and wear were the cryogenically treated cutting insert, 250 m/min cutting speed and 0.15 mm/rev feed rate. According to the Taguchi and GRA results, the cryogenically treated cutting inserts performed the best in terms of minimum wear and surface roughness. The Gray-based Taguchi methodology proposed in this study was found to be effective in solving the decision-making problem in multi-specific results as wear and surface roughness.

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Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Investigation of the effect of cutting parameters on the milling process of cryogenically treated aluminum alloy with cryogenically treated and untreated inserts, using the Taguchi and Gray Relational Analysis methods

Samtaş¹,

Bektaş²

2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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“…The microstructure of the unalloyed tool substrate is made of 1-5 μm grain size and contains around 6% cobalt. The combination of low cobalt content and fine-grained structure gives superior hardness and deformation-resistance to the tool [22]. An AlTiN coating of around 4 μm thickness applied over the tool by PVD coating technique makes the tool withstand cutting temperature of around 900 °C easily.…”

Section: Tool Detailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machinability analysis in high speed turning of Ti–6Al–4V alloy and investigation of wear mechanism in AlTiN PVD coated tungsten carbide tool

Muthuswamy¹,

Murugesan²

2021

Eng. Res. Express

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Titanium alloys are one of the most critical and prominently used materials in automotive, aerospace, and biomedical application due to their superior strength to weight ratio. The very property that makes it a suitable material for such applications also makes it challenging to machine. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the machinability of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy at high cutting speeds in turning. A full factorial method and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique were used to conduct 18 different experimental runs and determine the significance of variables that are responsible for the variation in average surface roughness (Ra) and forces. The results show that feed rate is the single most significant factor for Ra, whereas the contribution of feed and depth of cut are more for the forces, followed by cutting speed. Tool life tests were conducted with AlTiN PVD coated tools at three different cutting speeds, and SEM analysis to evaluate the wear mechanism revealed that abrasive wear, notching, and diffusion were predominant which accelerated the wear rate. Although machining studies on Ti6Al4V at low cutting speeds are well established, the novelty of the study is to perform a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the machinability and study wear mechanism using AlTiN coated tungsten carbide tool at high cutting speeds.

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“…These tools are dual-use products that can be used in civil applications such as machining agricultural pump components [48] but are also capable of manufacturing aerospace, ballistic, or fighter jet parts [49]. In addition, most countries rely on importing essential industrial raw materials such as tungsten carbide and cobalt [50] to manufacture the tools. Hence, to adhere to the export ban on such products to rogue nations, it is critical to build a supply chain ecosystem using digital technologies such as blockchain and IoT that is transparent and traceable.…”

Section: Application Scenario In Cutting Tool Manufacturing Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, an in-house manufacturing order is also placed to manufacture the cutting insert. The sourcing and provenance details of tungsten carbide and cobalt raw materials, the two key materials used in the manufacturing of cutting insert [50] are added as a block. The subsequent processes such as pressing of blanks, sintering, grinding, and coating, equipment used, process parameters, date of completion of various activities, and quality details can be added to the blockchain network for future reference.…”

Section: Application Scenario In Cutting Tool Manufacturing Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Blockchain Technology in Manufacturing Supply Chain and Logistics

Santhi¹,

Muthuswamy²

2022

Logistics

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135

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Background: Blockchain is a digitally managed, distributed, and decentralized ledger used to record transactions in an immutable format. Its characteristics in providing trust, transparency, and traceability make it attractive for applications where transactions are involved. Originally intended to support financial transactions, the technology has gained attention even in non-financial sectors such as health care, manufacturing, retail, and government services. Methods: For centuries, the various functions of manufacturing industries have worked based on the relationship and trust that they have with their upstream and downstream stakeholders. In addition, as the conventional factories are growing into giant gigafactories, the participation of several intermediaries further complicates the supply chain and logistics operations. Hence, the article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of blockchain technology in addressing supply chain and logistics-related challenges by analyzing, organizing, and reviewing the literature. Results: The study shows that blockchain technology can transform the supply chain and logistics into secure, agile, trusted, and transparent functions. A conceptualized application scenario demonstrates the benefits of blockchain technology in providing provenance and traceability to critical products. Conclusions: In particular, a private or permissioned blockchain is suitable for multi-organizational businesses such as supply chain and logistics. In addition, IoT-blockchain integration, smart contracts, and asset tracking has immense benefits in the future.

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A review on cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tool material

Cited by 27 publications

References 119 publications

Investigation of the effect of cutting parameters on the milling process of cryogenically treated aluminum alloy with cryogenically treated and untreated inserts, using the Taguchi and Gray Relational Analysis methods

Investigation of the effect of cutting parameters on the milling process of cryogenically treated aluminum alloy with cryogenically treated and untreated inserts, using the Taguchi and Gray Relational Analysis methods

Machinability analysis in high speed turning of Ti–6Al–4V alloy and investigation of wear mechanism in AlTiN PVD coated tungsten carbide tool

Influence of Blockchain Technology in Manufacturing Supply Chain and Logistics

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