A review on conventional and novel materials towards heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment application

Chai, Wai Siong; Cheun, Jie Ying; Kumar, Pradeep; Mubashir, Muhammad; Majeed, Zahid; Banat, Fawzi; Ho, Shih‐Hsin; Show, Pau Loke

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126589

Cited by 679 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Nevertheless, most of them show disadvantages due to the technological requirements for installation, operation and maintenance, generation of toxic byproducts and high cost compared with methods such as adsorption [ 8 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Adsorption can be considered a promising alternative thanks to its relative simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based Bioadsorbents for Enhanced Removal of Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2021

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Contamination of water by heavy metals is a major environmental concern due to the potential ecological impact on human health and aquatic ecosystems. In this work, we studied the chemical modification of various fruit peels such as banana (BP), granadilla (GP), and orange ones (OP) in order to obtain novel bio-adsorbents to improve the removal of Zn(II) ions from 50 mg·L−1 synthetic aqueous solutions. For this purpose, sodium hydroxide and calcium acetate were employed to modify the fruit peels. The moisture, extractives, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents of the raw materials were determined according to ASTM standards. The obtained bio-adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed the OP bio-adsorbents performed better, especially when the concentration of the modifier solutions increased, e.g., the OP particles modified using 0.8 M NaOH and Ca(CH3COO)2 solutions resulted in 97% removal of Zn(II) contaminating ions and reached a maximum adsorption capacity of 27.5 mg Zn per gram of bio-adsorbent. The adsorption processes were found to follow a pseudo-second order model. The error function sum of square error indicated the Freundlich isotherm (non-linear regression) as best fit model. The obtained results are particularly interesting for material selection in wastewater treatment technologies based on contaminant adsorption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based Bioadsorbents for Enhanced Removal of Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2021

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“…Although adsorption is a highly effective process with fast kinetics, it relatively has a high cost of materials. 69 In order to find a simple and cost-effective method; the effect of pre-treatment of OMSR (OMSR-W and OMSR-H) on the removal of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Pb 2+ from wastewater was investigated. COD and CEC were used to indicate the effective bio-sorbent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead From Water Using Bio-Sorbent From Treated Olive Mill Solid Residue

Mahmoud

Fayed

Ibrahim

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

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Olive Mill Solid Residue (OMSR) can be utilized as a bio-sorbent in wastewater treatment. Even though several studies on OMSR as a bio-sorbent were carried out, there is still a need to investigate a simple and relatively inexpensive OMSR treatment that increases pollutant removal. In this study; OMSR is used in batch experiments to remove toxic heavy metals from aqueous solutions including Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ ions. The effect of OMSR treatment (untreated; OMSR-U, treated with n-hexane; OMSR-H, and treated with water; OMSR-W) was investigated by chemical oxygen demand and cation exchange capacity. It was confirmed by both tests that OMSR-W was the best treatment. The same result was re-confirmed by batch uptake experiments of the heavy metal ions. Using OMSR-W as a bio-sorbent; the effect of several parameters such as pH, contact time, bio-sorbent concentration, metal ions concentration, and the presence of other metal species were studied to figure their influence on the metal ions uptake. The optimum conditions for single metal systems were found to occur at pH 5.5, an initial metal concentration of 50 mg/L, a shaking time of 60 minutes, a bio-sorbent concentration of 20 g/L. In binary metal ions solutions; Cd2+ uptake was increased in presence of Cu2+ or Pb2+. However, the uptake of Cu2+ and Pb2+ was decreased in presence of other metals. The equilibrium sorption data for single metal systems were described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The highest value of maximum uptake was found for Pb2+ (4.587 mg/g) followed by Cd2+ (4.525 mg/g) and Cu2+ (4.367 mg/g). These results show that OMSR-W, which has a very low economical value, could be used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.

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“…On the other hand, microalgae can be utilized to remove heavy metals present in POME [82,83]. Heavy metals that are present in POME can be detoxified, transformed, and volatilized by microalgae metabolism.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Algae For Pome Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment and Biofuel Production

et al. 2021

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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the wastewater produced during the palm oil sterilization process, which contains substantial amounts of nutrients and phosphorous that are harmful to the environment. High BOD and COD of POME are as high as 100,000 mg/L, which endanger the environment. Effective pre-treatment of POME is required before disposal. As microalgae have the ability of biosorption on nutrients and phosphorous to perform photosynthesis, they can be utilized as a sustainable POME treatment operation, which contributes to effective biofuel production. Microalgae species C. pyrenoidosa has shown to achieve 68% lipid production along with 71% nutrient reduction in POME. In this study, a brief discussion about the impacts of POME that will affect the environment is presented. Additionally, the potential of microalgae in treating POME is evaluated along with its benefits. Furthermore, the condition of microalgae growth in the POME is also assessed to study the suitable condition for microalgae to be cultivated in. Moreover, experimental studies on characteristics and performance of microalgae are being evaluated for their feasibility. One of the profitable applications of POME treatment using microalgae is biofuel production, which will be discussed in this review. However, with the advantages brought from cultivating microalgae in POME, there are also some concerns, as microalgae will cause pollution if they are not handled well, as discussed in the last section of this paper.

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A review on conventional and novel materials towards heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment application

Cited by 679 publications

References 96 publications

Chemical Modification of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based Bioadsorbents for Enhanced Removal of Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Chemical Modification of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based Bioadsorbents for Enhanced Removal of Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Removal of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead From Water Using Bio-Sorbent From Treated Olive Mill Solid Residue

Microalgae Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment and Biofuel Production

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