A Review on Computation Methods Used in Photoplethysmography Signal Analysis for Heart Rate Estimation

Pankaj,; Kumar, Ashish; Komaragiri, Rama; Kumar, Manjeet

doi:10.1007/s11831-021-09597-4

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The Fitbit devices have been used in several studies and shown to produce consistent and reliable results [46,47]. Several studies have reported the computational precision of HR through a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors used in Fitbit sense [48].…”

Section: Evaluation Measures 241 Physiological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wayfinding in Virtual Reality Serious Game: An Exploratory Study in the Context of User Perceived Experiences

2021

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Extended reality (XR) technologies such as virtual reality (VR) provide a promising alternative for training users through serious games (SGs). VR SGs allow people to train in emergency scenarios and improve their likelihood of survival in high-risk situations. Studies have shown that incorporating design elements such as wayfinding cues enhances the spatial knowledge of users in VR. However, the impact of these wayfinding cues on users’ psychological and psychometric behaviors needs thorough investigation. An SG was designed to investigate wayfinding cues’ psychological and psychometric effects on user-perceived experiences in an immersive VR environment. Thirty-nine participants experienced three variants of the VR SG using Oculus Rift- S. Participants in the control condition were exposed to the VR with no wayfinding cues, and the experimental groups were exposed to VR with static and dynamic wayfinding cues. Results showed that VR SG with wayfinding cues induced less tension, challenge, and negative affects in users’ overall perceived experience. Similarly higher positive affects were observed for the experimental groups with wayfinding cues. It was interesting to observe that there were no significant effects of wayfinding on competence, flow, and immersion; however, heart rate was significantly high in the control group. These findings suggest that wayfinding cues can promote the users perceived quality of experience in the VR.

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Section: Evaluation Measures 241 Physiological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wayfinding in Virtual Reality Serious Game: An Exploratory Study in the Context of User Perceived Experiences

2021

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“…It has been widely used in cardiovascular disease and hemodynamic research [ 17 , 18 ]. Although PPG signals and pulse waves are two different signals, they are both affected by cardiac rhythm movement and there is a definite correlation between them [ 19 ]. Therefore, the characteristics of PPG can be used for the detection of RAC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex Auriculo-Cardiac (RAC) Induced by Auricular Laser and Needle Acupuncture: New Case Results Using a Smartphone

Chen

Lan

Hou

et al. 2023

Life

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The reflex auriculo-cardiac (RAC), dynamic pulse reaction (Nogier reflex), or vascular autonomic signal was proposed by Nogier. It refers to the pulse changes that can occur in the radial artery immediately after auricular acupuncture is performed. RAC is helpful for the clinical practice of auricular acupuncture, but there is a lack of objective verification methods. Photoplethysmography (PPG) has been used to objectively calculate radial artery blood flow. This study used PPG via a smartphone to measure RAC induced by auricular acupuncture. Thirty subjects without major diseases were recruited to receive traditional needle and laser acupuncture. The Shen Men ear point and control points were stimulated for 20 s. PPG was continuously measured during the acupuncture. The PPG data were tested for differences with a paired t-test. The results showed that there were no statistical differences in the frequency and amplitude of PPG obtained before and after acupuncture, either with a traditional needle or laser acupuncture. However, interestingly, it was found that one patient with insomnia, one patient with viral respiratory symptoms, and two menstruating females exhibited changes in PPG within five seconds of needle placement. We hypothesized that RAC might be induced by auricular acupuncture and could be quantified by PPG, even among subjects suffering from mild diseases; however, auricular acupuncture might not induce a measurable RAC in totally healthy subjects.

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“…However, the main source of interference is physical motion which distorts the collected PPG signal. The removal of motion artefacts from the signal is a challenge due to overlapping frequency bands and amplitudes much larger than the pulsatile component of the signal [1], [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational methods for estimating HR from PPG signals consist of four main steps: prepossessing, de-noising, heart rate estimation and heart rate tracking [2]. A common approach used across existing methods for de-noising is to incorporate a motion reference sensor, such as a triaxial accelerometer or gyroscope, in order to capture motion data at the measurement site and compensate for the interference the motion causes [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DeepPulse: An Uncertainty-aware Deep Neural Network for Heart Rate Estimations from Wrist-worn Photoplethysmography

Ray

Collins

Ponnapalli

2022

2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC)

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Wearable Photoplethysmography (PPG) has gained prominence as a low cost, unobtrusive and continuous method for physiological monitoring. The quality of the collected PPG signals is affected by several sources of interference, predominantly due to physical motion. Many methods for estimating heart rate (HR) from PPG signals have been proposed with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) gaining popularity in recent years. However, the "black-box" and complex nature of DNNs has caused a lack of trust in the predicted values. This paper contributes DeepPulse, an uncertainty-aware DNN method for estimating HR from PPG and accelerometer signals, with aims of increasing the reliability, usability and interpretability of the predicted HR values. To the best of the authors' knowledge no PPG HR estimation method has considered aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty metrics. The results show DeepPulse is the most accurate method for DNNs with less than 1 million network parameters. Finally, recommendations are given to reduce epistemic uncertainty, validate uncertainty estimates, improve the accuracy of DeepPulse as well as reduce the model size for resource-constrained edge devices.

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A Review on Computation Methods Used in Photoplethysmography Signal Analysis for Heart Rate Estimation

Cited by 44 publications

References 75 publications

Wayfinding in Virtual Reality Serious Game: An Exploratory Study in the Context of User Perceived Experiences

Wayfinding in Virtual Reality Serious Game: An Exploratory Study in the Context of User Perceived Experiences

Reflex Auriculo-Cardiac (RAC) Induced by Auricular Laser and Needle Acupuncture: New Case Results Using a Smartphone

DeepPulse: An Uncertainty-aware Deep Neural Network for Heart Rate Estimations from Wrist-worn Photoplethysmography

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