A Review on Closed Cell Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams: A Green Initiative towards Eco-Sustainability

Thiyagarajan, Raja; Kumar, Manmohan

doi:10.1080/10426914.2021.1928696

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…From the extensive literature survey, very minimal experimental work was carried out in the study, mainly focused on characteristics and parameters that influence the tribological behavior of nanohybrid composites. Most of the reported works were targeted at micron-size particle-reinforced aluminum composites [19,20]. e novelty of this present investigation is to explore the optimized wear behavior of the nano-SiC and Gr-reinforced aluminum matrix composites using Taguchi design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating Aluminum Hybrid Nanocomposites Using the Taguchi Approach

Selvaraj

Jeyanthi

Thiyagarajan

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In recent times, tribological properties are gaining and grabbing great attention in metal matrix composites. They can provide significant benefits such as a lower coefficient of friction, wear resistance, high strength, and stiffness. Considering all these parameters, this research article mainly focuses on developing an aluminum hybrid nanocomposite material fabricated by powder metallurgy. Then, the results were examined using a pin-on-disk apparatus. Further optimization techniques such as the Taguchi approach under Design of Experiments have been adopted to obtain a minimal outcome of various assumed parameters such as A. percentage weight fraction of graphite content (Gr), B. the sliding distance, C. the sliding speed, and D. the stress applied. In addition, we have chosen parameters such as friction and wear loss for optimizing the outcome, including the main effect plots for the S-N ratio and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach. Based on the experimental results, we have noticed that friction and wear loss coefficient increase with increased applied load and sliding distance. Also, it was noted that there was a slight decrease in the coefficient of friction and wear loss when an increment was made in the graphite content, respectively. It was perceived that the sample containing 10% of graphite (Gr) could create a self-lubricating effect that significantly reduced wear loss and the coefficient of friction. Finally, by considering all these achieved results, aluminum nanocomposites can be employed in automobile, defense, and aerospace applications as they can reduce the weight of the components with improved wear behavior and more thermal stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating Aluminum Hybrid Nanocomposites Using the Taguchi Approach

Selvaraj

Jeyanthi

Thiyagarajan

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…For this, the flotation method was chosen, implemented as follows. A solution consisting of 800 cm 3 of distilled water and 50 cm 3 of ethanol (to reduce surface tension) was prepared, and 100 g of CA was added and stirred with a glass rod for 60 seconds. The mixture was sifted for 5 minutes, then the floating fraction (with the aid of a spatula and decantation) was carried to the next beaker with fresh washing liquid, and the procedure was repeated.…”

Section: Determination Of the Ratio Between Intact And Defective Ceno...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, syntactic foam (SF) composites have increasingly found use in various industries where superior mechanical strength at a low weight is desired. The SF made of polymer or metal in between hollow microspheres [1][2][3]. Syntactic foam with specific properties can be obtained by reinforcing hollow particles in a polymer, metallic, or ceramic matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash Cenospheres Obtained for Different Sources

Shishkin*¹,

Abramovskis²,

Zālīte³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cenospheres are hollow particles in fly-ash, a by-product of coal burning, and are widely used as reinforcement for developing low density composites called syntactic foams. This study investigates the physical, chemical, and thermal properties of cenospheres obtained from 3 different sources, CS1, CS2, and CS3, for the development of syntactic foams. Description of floatation method to separate broken particles is given, and it was seen that up to 11 % of the particles were damaged. Post heat treatment samples show development of SiO2 phase in the cenosphere, which is not present in the as received product. CS3 had the highest quantity of Si element, compared to the other two, showing the difference in the source quality. The particle size distribution for CS2 is very narrow while for the others is much broader. All censopheres have porous walls but the morphology of CS2 is the most uniform and smooth. For the application of metallic layer and subsequent consolidation via spark plasma sintering, CS2 was deemed the most physically, thermally, and chemically suitable.

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“…This unique kind of foam, also known as closed-cell foam, holds outstanding characteristics, such as a high strength to weight ratio, a reduced thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity and good damage tolerance, making it a potential candidate for applications involving energy absorption [ 2 , 3 ]. Moreover, it can be used as backup plates used in armor ballistic plates and bulletproof vests as the syntactic foam has the benefits of a higher peak strength and an exceptional energy absorbing capability [ 4 , 5 ]. As the syntactic foam has similar characteristics to aluminium (Al) foams, it can be useful to the production of automotive brake rotors as well as of differential covers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Analysis of Machining Induced Stress Distribution during Dry and Cryogenic Orthogonal Cutting of 7075 Aluminium Closed Cell Syntactic Foams

et al. 2023

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The addition of hollow aluminium oxide bubbles to the 7075 aluminium matrix results in a lightweight syntactic foam with a reduced density and an increased peak compression strength. The presence of ceramic bubbles also aids in a reduced coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity in comparison to aluminium alloys. In spite of their enhanced material properties, the inclusion of hollow aluminium oxide bubbles presents the challenge of poor machinability. In order to elucidate the problem of poor surface machinability, an attempt has been made to develop a thermo-mechanical finite element machining model using AdvantEdgeTM software with which surface quality and machined syntactic foam material can be analyzed. If the novel model developed is combined with virtual reality technology, CNC technicians can observe the machining results to evaluate and optimize the machining program. The main novelty behind this software is that the material foam is assumed as a homogeneous material model for simplifying the material model as a complex heterogeneous material system. The input parameters used in this study are cutting speed, feed, average size and volume fraction of hollow aluminium oxide bubbles, and coolant. For the output parameters, the numerical analysis showed a 6.24% increase in peak tensile machining induced stress as well as a 51.49% increase in peak cutting temperature as cutting speed (25 m/min to 100 m/min) and uncut chip thickness (0.07 mm to 0.2 mm) were increased. The average size and volume fraction of hollow aluminium oxide bubbles showed a significant impact on the magnitude of cutting forces and the depth of tensile induced stress distribution. It was observed on the machined surface that, as the average size of hollow aluminium oxide bubbles became coarser, the peak machining induced tensile stress on the cut surface reduced by 4.47%. It was also noted that an increase in the volume fraction of hollow aluminium oxide bubbles led to an increase in both the peak machining induced tensile stress and the peak cutting temperature by 29.36% and 20.11%, respectively. This study also showed the influence of the ceramic hollow bubbles on plastic deformation behavior in 7075 aluminium matrix; the machining conditions for obtaining a favorable stress distribution in the machined surface and sub-surface of 7075 closed cell syntactic foam are also presented.

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A Review on Closed Cell Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams: A Green Initiative towards Eco-Sustainability

Cited by 24 publications

References 196 publications

Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating Aluminum Hybrid Nanocomposites Using the Taguchi Approach

Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating Aluminum Hybrid Nanocomposites Using the Taguchi Approach

Physical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash Cenospheres Obtained for Different Sources

Computational Analysis of Machining Induced Stress Distribution during Dry and Cryogenic Orthogonal Cutting of 7075 Aluminium Closed Cell Syntactic Foams

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