A review on chloride transport model and research method in concrete

Rong, Guocheng; He, Tong‐Chuan; Zhang, Gaozhan; Li, Yang; Wang, Yuxuan; Xie, Wenjie

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/accb2a

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…They think that it is improper to use Fick’s diffusion law to analyse the penetration of chlorides into the structure of concrete since the theoretical Fick model is based on many simplified assumptions that do not reflect the actual behaviour of cementitious materials or the environment to which building structures are exposed. Despite the doubts expressed in the paper [ 59 ] and the limitations described above, methods based on the theoretical Fick model are widely used, e.g., [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], precisely because of their simplicity. More sophisticated models require many input parameters, which are sometimes difficult to obtain in the field.…”

Section: Determination Of the Theoretical Service Life Of Structural ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Life of Pre-Tensioned Concrete Structures in a Chloride Environment on the Example of an Aluminium Foundry Building

Michałek,

Gago

2024

Materials

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This paper describes a study of the chloride content in the concrete lagging of prestressed concrete elements of the roof structure of an aluminium foundry building. Sources of chloride pollution in industrial facilities are discussed. Methods for collecting dust deposited on the structure and sampling concrete for chloride concentration testing are presented in detail. The test methods used and the apparatus used to assess the chloride content at the thickness of concrete reinforcement lagging are presented. Investigations of the chloride content in the concrete of the reinforcement cover showed a very high concentration of chloride in the near-surface layer, depending on the location of the element in relation to the source of chloride emission into the environment. In contrast, the concrete of the deeper layers of the lagging contained very small amounts of Cl− chlorides. The results of the chloride content of the lagging concrete were plotted against the distance from the surface of the specimen and approximated by the function C(x,t) based on Fick’s second law and its solution. A satisfactory fit of the course of this function to the experimental results was obtained. Based on the obtained C(x,t) function, the durability of the main structural components of an aluminium foundry industrial hall operating in a chloride environment was estimated.

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Section: Determination Of the Theoretical Service Life Of Structural ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Life of Pre-Tensioned Concrete Structures in a Chloride Environment on the Example of an Aluminium Foundry Building

Michałek,

Gago

2024

Materials

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“…The width of microcracks (Wc) in the ITZ area also has a decisive impact on the degradation processes of structures made of concrete [15,16]. All discontinuities occurring in the structure of the cement matrix and the contacts between the inclusions and the continuous phase of the composite increase its permeability, thus enabling the migration of harmful and aggressive substances deep into the material structure [17][18][19]. The presence of such media and their adverse impact on individual components of concrete may result in:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete Composites Based on Quaternary Blended Cements with a Reduced Width of Initial Microcracks

Golewski

2023

Applied Sciences

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This article is devoted to the study of the combined effect of siliceous fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and nanosilica (nS) on the cement matrix morphology and size of microcracks occurring in the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) between the coarse aggregate and the cement paste of concrete composites based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The manuscript contains analyses of width of microcracks (Wc) occurring in the ITZ area of concretes based on quaternary blended cements and changes in ITZ morphology in the concretes in question. Experiments were planned for four types of concrete. Three of them were composites based on quaternary blended cements (QBC), while the fourth was reference concrete (REF). Based on the observations of the matrices of individual composites, it was found that the REF concrete was characterized by the most heterogeneous structure. However, substitution of part of the cement binder with active pozzolanic additives resulted in a more compact and homogenous structure of the cement matrix in each of the QBC series concretes. Moreover, when analyzing the average Wc values, it should be stated that the modification of the basic structure of the cement matrix present in the REF concrete resulted in a significant reduction of the analyzed parameter in all concretes of the QBC series. For QBC-1, QBC-2, and QBC-3, the Wc values were 0.70 μm, 0.59 μm, and 0.79 μm, respectively, indicating a decrease of 38%, almost 48%, and 30%, respectively, compared with the working condition of concrete without additives. On the basis of the above results, it can therefore be concluded that the proposed modification of the binder composition in the analyzed materials clearly leads to homogenization of the composite structure and limitation of initial internal damages in concrete.

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“…One of such undertakings is substitution of the OPC part in the composition of the concrete mix with other mineral materials [31][32][33][34]. In most cases, they are waste from various industrial processes [35][36][37][38][39] and are referred to as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) [40][41][42][43]. It should also be noted that concretes made with the participation of SCMs allow not only to reduce CO 2 emissions generated during the burning of the Portland clinker [44,45], but also significantly reduce the amount of energy necessary to carry out this technological process [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of water absorption of low volume fly ash concrete (LVFAC) under water immersion conditions

Golewski

2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The studies were carried out to find a relation between important physical property and the main mechanical parameter of concretes containing fly ash (FA) in order to develop indications for the production of durable composites with the addition of this waste. The tests included low volume fly ash concrete (LVFAC). The cements used in the studies were following: ordinary Portland cement (OPC), (FA-00) and two blended Portland cements containing FA in the amount of: 20%, (FA-20) and 30% (FA-30). Measurements of water adsorption (wa) by immersion and compressive strength (fcm) of analysed composites have been performed. The methodology of the wa tests was to reflect the conditions prevailing in the case of concrete- and reinforced concrete structures operating below the water table. The microstructure of all three materials was also assessed. Test results indicated that LVFAC mixes developed 28-day fcm between 45.10 for FA-30 to 48.96 MPa for FA-20 with a value of 47.51 MPa for the reference concrete. Neverless wa of LVFAC mixes decreased with the increase in FA content. The average values of wa was 4.6% for FA-30 and 5.3% for FA-20, respectively, while for concrete without FA it was 5.0%. Thus, it was found that wa by immersion was inversely proportional to the fcm. Based on the microstructural studies it was found that this behavior is attributed to reduced pore diameters and densification of cement matrix microstructure in FA-30 concrete. On the other hand concrete of series FA-20 showed a loose and porous microstructure, and wa in this composite increased accordingly. It can be stated that, the LVFAC containing 30% FA may increase durability of reinforced concrete structures subjected to immersion conditions.

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A review on chloride transport model and research method in concrete

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Service Life of Pre-Tensioned Concrete Structures in a Chloride Environment on the Example of an Aluminium Foundry Building

Service Life of Pre-Tensioned Concrete Structures in a Chloride Environment on the Example of an Aluminium Foundry Building

Concrete Composites Based on Quaternary Blended Cements with a Reduced Width of Initial Microcracks

Examination of water absorption of low volume fly ash concrete (LVFAC) under water immersion conditions

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