A review on catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes to high-value products

Peng, Yujie; Wang, Yun‐Pu; Ke, Linyao; Dai, Leilei; Wu, Qiuhao; Cobb, Kirk; Zeng, Yuan; Zou, Rongge; Liu, Yuhuan; Ruan, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115243

Cited by 229 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Moreover, the first reactor could also be designed for removing contaminants that may deactivate catalysts. This would be particularly attractive for those who handle the real‐world plastic wastes containing many unknown impurities [30b] . In addition, pretreating the plastic waste to reduce their viscosity can also be considered.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalytic pyrolysis can be divided into two groups, in‐situ and ex‐situ catalytic pyrolysis. In the case of in‐situ catalytic pyrolysis, the catalyst and feedstocks are mixed together, whereas in the case of ex‐situ catalytic pyrolysis, the feedstock is first pyrolyzed, and then the vapor products are transferred to the catalyst bed downstream of the pyrolyzer [30b,70] . For in‐situ mode, the effect of the structure of catalysts on depolymerization is a research interest since catalysts could be in direct contact with the molten polymer.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Of Plastic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value‐Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks

et al. 2022

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Plastic waste is an emerging environmental issue for our society. Critical action to tackle this problem is to upcycle plastic waste as valuable feedstock. Thermochemical conversion of plastic waste has received growing attention. Although thermochemical conversion is promising for handling mixed plastic waste, it typically occurs at high temperatures (300–800 °C). Catalysts can play a critical role in improving the energy efficiency of thermochemical conversion, promoting targeted reactions, and improving product selectivity. This Review aims to summarize the state‐of‐the‐art of catalytic thermochemical conversions of various types of plastic waste. First, general trends and recent development of catalytic thermochemical conversions including pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal processes, and chemolysis of plastic waste into fuels, chemicals, and value‐added materials were reviewed. Second, the status quo for the commercial implementation of thermochemical conversion of plastic waste was summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of catalytic thermochemical conversion of plastic waste including the design of sustainable and robust catalysts were discussed.

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Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysis Of Plastic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value‐Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks

et al. 2022

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“…Pyrolysis has been investigated as an appealing substitute for incineration for waste disposal. In contrast to the conventional incineration plant operated in the capacity of kilotonnes per day, the scale of the pyrolysis plant is more versatile, and the output of pyrolysis can be consolidated with other downstream technologies for product upgradation (Peng et al 2022 ; Yansaneh and Zein 2022 ). The liquid oil yielded can be utilized in several applications, including boilers, furnaces, diesel engines, and turbines, without further treatment (Rajendran et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Plastic Waste Conversion Technologies For Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap to sustainable plastic waste management: a focused study on recycling PET for triboelectric nanogenerator production in Singapore and India

Lai

Sharma

Roy

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study explores the implications of plastic waste and recycling management on recyclates for manufacturing clean-energy harvesting devices. The focus is on a comparative analysis of using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) production, in two densely populated Asian countries of large economies, namely Singapore and India. Of the total 930,000 tonnes of plastic waste generated in Singapore in 2019, only 4% were recycled and the rest were incinerated. In comparison, India yielded 8.6 million tonnes of plastic waste and 70% were recycled. Both countries have strict recycling goals and have instituted different waste and recycling management regulations. The findings show that the waste policies and legislations, responsibilities and heterogeneity in collection systems and infrastructure of the respective country are the pivotal attributes to successful recycling. Challenges to recycle plastic include segregation, adulterants and macromolecular structure degradation which could influence the recyclate properties and pose challenges for manufacturing products. A model was developed to evaluate the economic value and mechanical potential of PET recyclate. The model predicted a 30% loss of material performance and a 65% loss of economic value after the first recycling cycle. The economic value depreciates to zero with decreasing mechanical performance of plastic after multiple recycling cycles. For understanding how TENG technology could be incorporated into the circular economy, a model has estimated about 20 million and 7300 billion pieces of aerogel mats can be manufactured from the PET bottles disposed in Singapore and India, respectively which were sufficient to produce small-scale TENG devices for all peoples in both countries.

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“…Several reviews have been published on the topic of catalytic pyrolysis of plastics and the search for low-cost catalysts recently [ 10 , 11 ]. However, the works devoted to using clay-based catalysts were covered there briefly, and they did not include all available research on the activity of clay minerals of different groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the works devoted to using clay-based catalysts were covered there briefly, and they did not include all available research on the activity of clay minerals of different groups. Peng et al mentioned only montmorillonites and their analogs [ 10 ], while Fadillah et al considered a few articles on kaolin and bentonite activity [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermocatalytic Conversion of Plastics into Liquid Fuels over Clays

2022

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Recycling polymer waste is a great challenge in the context of the growing use of plastics. Given the non-renewability of fossil fuels, the task of processing plastic waste into liquid fuels seems to be a promising one. Thermocatalytic conversion is one of the methods that allows obtaining liquid products of the required hydrocarbon range. Clays and clay minerals can be distinguished among possible environmentally friendly, cheap, and common catalysts. The moderate acidity and the presence of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites on the surface of clays favor heavier hydrocarbons in liquid products of reactions occurring in their pores. Liquids produced with the use of clays are often reported as being in the gasoline and diesel range. In this review, the comprehensive information on the thermocatalytic conversion of plastics over clays obtained during the last two decades was summarized. The main experimental parameters for catalytic conversion of plastics according to the articles’ analysis, were the reaction temperature, the acidity of modified catalysts, and the catalyst-to-plastic ratio. The best clay catalysts observed were the following: bentonite/spent fluid cracking catalyst for high-density polyethylene (HDPE); acid-restructured montmorillonite for medium-density polyethylene (MDPE); neat kaolin powder for low-density polyethylene (LDPE); Ni/acid-washed bentonite clay for polypropylene (PP); neat kaolin for polystyrene (PS); Fe-restructured natural clay for a mixture of polyethylene, PP, PS, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The main problem in using natural clays and clay minerals as catalysts is their heterogeneous composition, which can vary even within the same deposit. The serpentine group is of interest in studying its catalytic properties as fairly common clay minerals.

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A review on catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes to high-value products

Cited by 229 publications

References 170 publications

Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value‐Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks

Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value‐Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks

Roadmap to sustainable plastic waste management: a focused study on recycling PET for triboelectric nanogenerator production in Singapore and India

Thermocatalytic Conversion of Plastics into Liquid Fuels over Clays

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