A review on carbon materials production from plastic wastes

Plastic waste management for sustainable environment: techniques and approaches

“…Beyond the removal of plastic waste and restrictions on its generation, the conversion of plastic waste into useful resources like carbon-based material is a growing field. In this context, plastic wastes can be thermally treated to obtain carbon materials using methods such as anoxic pyrolysis, catalytic carbonization, pressure carbonization, flash Joule heating, microwave treatment, molten salt methods [ 164 , 165 ], and hydrothermal methods [ 166 , 167 ]. These treatments are often applied to achieve the desired products, such as carbon-based solids, which may include carbon nanotubes (CNT) [ 168 ], graphene [ 96 , 169 ], hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) [ 117 , 170 ], and carbon nanosheets [ 171 , 172 ].…”

Sustainable valorisation of food waste into engineered biochars for CO2 capture towards a circular economy

“…This has led to numerous research on valorisation of food waste into high-performance carbonaceous materials for environmental protections and various energy conversion and storage applications. 10,14 Current research on organic waste-derived carbonaceous materials for energy and environmental applications have been reviewed. 10,26,27 These reviews have highlighted that conversion of organic waste into carbonaceous materials for CO 2 capture is sustainable and practical, especially in the context of carbon neutrality.…”

“…This has led to numerous research on valorisation of food waste into high-performance carbonaceous materials for environmental protections and various energy conversion and storage applications. 10,14…”

Sustainable hydrothermal carbon for advanced electrochemical energy storage

“…[6][7][8][9] With the exploration of diverse carbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes/nanobers, activated carbon, amorphous carbon, graphene, and carbon black materials with controllable characteristics and functionalities) and rapid development of nanotechnology, carbon-based functional materials have received considerable attention. 10,11 However, tedious synthetic methods requiring harsh conditions, organic solvents, 12,13 expensive metal catalysts, 14,15 and complicated apparatus are employed for their preparation, limiting the commercialization of these carbon materials. Besides, the raw materials used for preparing carbon materials are principally fossil-based precursors, including coal tar, 14,16,17 asphalt, [18][19][20][21] and organic acids.…”