A review on Borreria verticillata: A potential bionematicide, channeling its significant antimicrobial activity against root-knot nematodes

Abstract

Phytopesticides are human-friendly beside been easily accessible and bio-degradable, are therefore environmentally friendly compared to the synthetic pesticides which huge adverse effects on human, animals and the ecosystem. Plants are large reservoir of secondary metabolites largely untapped or under-tapped for use as pesticides. One problem associated with this is to identify plants which can be assessed and further exploited for this use. Borreria verticillata belongs to Rubiaceae , it is native to South Americas but gained popularity globally. It is known as a weed, showing resistance to many synthetic pesticides and can be grown on a wide range of soil types. B. verticillata is used traditionally against skin diseases such as eczema, infectious dermatitis and scabies . Its antimicrobial application is large and efficient as revealed by most authors. This article inclines to propose and offer current studies with information on the various application of this plant species against various microorganisms, thereby extending its use against plant parasitic nematodes which cause severe yield losses to numerous agricultural crops. Most search engines, journals and dissertation search engines i.e. Google scholar, pubmed, sciencedirect, scopus, web of science, springer, elsevier, like Open-thesis, OATD, ProQuest and EthOs were queried by employing titles such as B. verticillata , Borreria verticillata and biological activity of B. verticillata . The most synonymous name was queried too i.e. Spermacoce verticillata . This review suggests a main point about this resistant weed i.e. its significant antimicrobial activity. It further emphases the need exploits this useful effect against nematodes since they are microorganisms. Phytochemistry of the B. verticillata was gathered in this study and the compounds isolated from the plant i.e. terpenes, iridoids, flavonoids and alkaloids (29 compounds) further provide a basis for a significant antihelmintic effect. The review concludes on the need to extends its antimicrobial activity to sustainable agriculture. Since it is a very common plant in Nigeria, it is easily accessible to farmer protect their cultivations from plant-parasitic nematode attacks.

Biological Insights and NMR Metabolic Profiling of Different Extracts ofSpermacoce verticillata(L.) G. Mey.

“…Moreover, two signals, at δ H 5.01 and 4.52, related to anomeric protons, were correlated in CIGAR‐HMBC experiment with the C‐3 of quercetin (δ C 134.1) and C‐6′ of glucose (δ C 68.3), respectively. All these data proved to be in line with the presence, SV3 and SV4 extracts, of quercetin‐3‐ O ‐rutinoside, a flavonol glycoside known as rutin, which has already been reported as a constituent of S. verticillata [27] . Besides rutin (Figure S3), in the up‐field region of 1 H‐NMR spectrum several methyl singlets have been detected ( Figure 1), whose chemical shift values are superimposable with those detected in the medium polar‐extracts SV2 and SV1.…”

“…All these data proved to be in line with the presence, SV3 and SV4 extracts, of quercetin-3-Orutinoside, a flavonol glycoside known as rutin, which has already been reported as a constituent of S. verticillata. [27] Besides rutin (Figure S3), in the upfield region of 1 H-NMR spectrum several methyl singlets have been detected (Figure 1), whose chemical shift values are superimposable with those detected in the medium polar-extracts SV2 and SV1. In particular, methyl at δ H 0.98 and 0.78 showed heterocorrelation with a carbinol carbon at δ C 78.2, a quaternary carbon (δ C 38.3) and a methine at δ C 55.2 (δ H 0.75) which were in turn correlated with methyl at δ H 0.95, that in the HMBC (Figure S4) experiment showed long range correlations with two tetrasubstituted carbons at δ C 39.1 and δ C 47.3 which in turn correlated with olefinic proton δ H 5.23.…”

Sosialisasi Rekomendasi Pemupukan dan Pembuatan Nematisida Nabati dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanaman Kopi di Desa Campakamulya

“…13, No. 1, Bulan Maret 2024: 147 -152 ISSN 1410-5675 eISSN 2614-2392 Sosialisasi Rekomendasi Pemupukan Dan Pembuatan Nematisida Nabati Dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanaman Kopi Di Desa Campakamulya (Mahfud Arifin, Muhammad Amir Solihin, Rina Devnita, Santi Rosniawaty, Noviani Putri, Ilmi Ramadhan) ke 9 setelah perlakuan (Izuogu et al, 2020). Dosis nematisida nabati dari ekstrak daun kipahit yang disarankan yaitu sebanyak 30 ton/ha untuk menekan populasi telur nematoda sebesar 5000 telur/tanaman (Odeyemi & Adewale, 2011).…”

Comparative Profitability of Managing Meloidogyne Incognita on the Vegetative Growth of Cucumbers (Cucumis Sativus L.) Using Root Grow (Mycorrhizal Fungi) and Broiler Droppings

“…Besides, nematodes causing huge damage individually, they also form disease-complexes with many other micro-organisms hence increased crop yield loss. Synthetic nematicides are much used to control these plantparasitic nematodes but most of these have been banned because of their associated risk to human health and the environment (Vermis and Roberts 1996;Bello et al, 2013;2013b;Izuogu et al, 2018;Izuogu et al, 2020). Unlike chemical nematicides, organic amendments have little or no adverse effects on man and the environment and they are readily available.…”