A review on biodiesel production using basic ionic liquids as catalysts

Zhang, Yaoyao; Sun, Shangde

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117099

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The SFC decreases as the dosing level of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles increases. The decrease in SFC may be due to the presence of nanoparticles in the blend as it possesses a better catalytic effect, enhanced area–volume ratio, and less fuel consumption 23 . The addition of nanoparticles in BCFAD resulted in a considerable reduction of 7.66% in SFC compared to neat biodiesel at 75% of the load.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Rajesh,

Bibin,

Soundararajan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Petroleum fuels are commonly used for automobiles. However, the continuous depletion and exhaust gas emission causes serious problems. So, there is a need for an alternative eco-friendly fuel. Biodiesel is a type of fuel manufactured through a process called transesterification, which involves converting vegetable oils into a usable form. The process parameters of the transesterification process were optimized using the Taguchi method to achieve maximum biodiesel yield. However, the main problem of biodiesel is its high cost which could be reduced by using low-cost feedstock. To address this challenge, biodiesel (BCFAD) is derived from coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD), a by-product obtained from refining coconut oil. This work uses BCFAD and BCFAD with Alumina nanoparticles as fuels. Alumina nanoparticles in the mass fraction of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm are dispersed in BCFAD. The investigation results reveal an increase of 6.5% in brake thermal efficiency for BCFAD with 100 ppm nanoparticles when compared to BCFAD. There is a reduction of 29.29% of hydrocarbon and 34% of Carbon monoxide emissions with BCFAD100 in comparison with diesel. However, there is a marginal increase in NOx emission with the increase in nanoparticles. The heat release rate and cylinder pressure of BCFAD100 are comparable to diesel fuel. It was concluded that the utilization of BCFAD with a nanoparticle dispersion of 100 ppm is suitable for direct use as fuel in diesel engines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Rajesh,

Bibin,

Soundararajan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Based on their availability and source, feedstocks are classified into three main groups: edible, non-edible, and waste oils [56,57]. Edible vegetable oils, e.g., palm and soybean oils, are the most commonly used feedstocks for biodiesel production [58,59]; however, the supply of this type of raw materials strongly depends on the food market, which is not completely predictable [60]. Conversely, non-edible oils are cheaper and not influenced by the food industry; hence, they are better candidates as biodiesel feedstocks [61].…”

Section: Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Lipase Immobilization: Promising Industrial Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Hajareh Haghighi,

Binaymotlagh,

Palocci

et al. 2024

Catalysts

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Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs) mainly produced via transesterification reactions among triglycerides and short-chain alcohols catalyzed by chemical catalysts (e.g., KOH, NaOH). Lipase-assisted enzymatic transesterification has been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of chemical synthesis, such as high energy consumption, expensive separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture and production of large amounts of wastewater during product separation and purification. However, one of the main drawbacks of this process is the enzyme cost. In recent years, nano-immobilized lipases have received extensive attention in the design of robust industrial biocatalysts for biodiesel production. To improve lipase catalytic efficiency, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted growing interest as versatile lipase carriers, owing to their unique properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio and high enzyme loading capacity, low cost and inertness against chemical and microbial degradation, biocompatibility and eco-friendliness, standard synthetic methods for large-scale production and, most importantly, magnetic properties, which provide the possibility for the immobilized lipase to be easily separated at the end of the process by applying an external magnetic field. For the preparation of such effective magnetic nano-supports, various surface functionalization approaches have been developed to immobilize a broad range of industrially important lipases. Immobilization generally improves lipase chemical-thermal stability in a wide pH and temperature range and may also modify its catalytic performance. Additionally, different lipases can be co-immobilized onto the same nano-carrier, which is a highly effective strategy to enhance biodiesel yield, specifically for those feedstocks containing heterogeneous free fatty acids (FFAs). This review will present an update on the use of magnetic iron oxide nanostructures (MNPs) for lipase immobilization to catalyze transesterification reactions for biodiesel production. The following aspects will be covered: (1) common organic modifiers for magnetic nanoparticle support and (2) recent studies on modified MNPs-lipase catalysts for biodiesel production. Aspects concerning immobilization procedures and surface functionalization of the nano-supports will be highlighted. Additionally, the main features that characterize these nano-biocatalysts, such as enzymatic activity, reusability, resistance to heat and pH, will be discussed. Perspectives and key considerations for optimizing biodiesel production in terms of sustainability are also provided for future studies.

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Ionic Liquid Modified Macropore Resin AB-8 as an Efficient Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Xiang,

Liao,

Yan

et al. 2024

Catal Lett

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A review on biodiesel production using basic ionic liquids as catalysts

Cited by 19 publications

References 92 publications

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Lipase Immobilization: Promising Industrial Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Ionic Liquid Modified Macropore Resin AB-8 as an Efficient Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

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