A review on biochar production techniques and biochar based catalyst for biofuel production from algae

Lan, Nguyễn Thúy; Anto, Susaimanickam; Ahamed, Tharifkhan Shan; Kumar, Smita S.; Shanmugam, Sabarathinam; Samuel, Melvin S.; Mathimani, Thangavel; Brindhadevi, Kathirvel; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119411

Cited by 161 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The biomass comprises three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The percentage covered by the individual biomass components is presented in Table 5 [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies involving approximate and ultimate analyses have shown the fundamental fuel trademark to be among effective ways that relate to general properties of biomass composition, particularly with regards to ash, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, moisture, and volatile matter [56]. Volatiles and ash presence might affect the pyrolysis reaction, and, therefore, it would result in a considerable effect on the quality and bio-oil yield [16,22]. When the volatile content is higher, it is subjected to high volatility, and this could change the characteristics desired of bio-oil production [56].…”

Section: Biomass Properties Affecting the Pyrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the acquisition of the knowledge regarding how catalysts function in the biorefinery industry [13], the context of pyrolysis technology (i.e., determination of operating parameters of pyrolysis) and reactor types has been based on the desired characteristics of the product (biochar, bio-oil, and pyrolytic gas) [14], as well as on the field of biomass pyrolysis and upgrading [10]. Feedstock properties, the reactor type, product characteristics and upgrading options [15], biochar catalysts for fuel production [16], and the properties of the bio-oil [5] are among key areas demonstrated as synthesized literature with relevant information. It is important to note that some conducted reviews have looked at systematic approaches for mapping biomass resources to conversion pathways, forming the basis for biomass valuation and informing when biomass pre-processing is needed to ensure feedstocks are conversion-ready [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A biomass grading system for biofuels; Management approach; Technical accomplishments; and Relevance 2017 [17] Review update of the slow pyrolysis basics and process mechanisms, hydrothermal carbonization processes, spot out research gaps, and briefs about the characteristics of biochars for potential industrial use. Highlighting the reason why biochar catalysts are key elements for production of fuel and their merits Biochar production techniques; Biochar composition; Catalysts produced from biochar; Biochar-based catalyst utilized to produce fuel 2021 [16] Review of the characteristics of pyrolysis oil derived from different types of biomasses under different technological conditions used so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities and Challenges of High-Pressure Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Review

et al. 2021

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Most pyrolysis reactors require small sizes of biomass particles to achieve high-quality products. Moreover, understanding the usefulness of high-pressure systems in pyrolysis is important, given the operational challenges they exhibit specific to various biomass materials. To actualize these aspects, the authors first checked previous reviews involving pyrolysis on different biomass and different conditions/situations with their respective objectives and subsections. From these already existing reviews, the team found that there has not been much emphasis on high-pressure fast pyrolysis and its potential in biomass conversion, showing that it is a novel direction in the pyrolysis technology development. Therefore, this review aims to shed more light on high-pressure fast pyrolysis, drawing from (a) classification of pyrolysis; (b) reactors used in fast pyrolysis; (c) heat transfer in pyrolysis feedstock; (d) fast pyrolysis parameters; (e) properties/yields of fast pyrolysis products; (f) high pressure on pyrolysis process; (g) catalyst types and their application; and (h) problems to overcome in the pyrolysis process. This review increases the understanding regarding high-pressure fast pyrolysis. An attempt has been made to demonstrate how high-pressure fast pyrolysis can bring about high-quality biomass conversion into new products. It has been shown that fluidized bed (bubbling and circulating) reactors are most suitable and profitable in terms of product yield. The high-pressure, especially combined with the fast-heating rate, may be more efficient and beneficial than working under ambient pressure. However, the challenges of pyrolysis on a technical scale appear to be associated with obtaining high product quality and yield. The direction of future work should focus on the design of high-pressure process reactors and material types that might have greater biomass promise, as well understanding the impact of pyrolysis technology on the various output products, especially those with lower energy demands. We propose that the increase of process pressure and biomass particle size decrease should be considered as variables for optimization.

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Section: Pyrolysis Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomass Properties Affecting the Pyrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities and Challenges of High-Pressure Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…[1][2][3] They were frequently used in the field of gas separation, water purification, spectrum analysis, absorption, electrochemical energy storage, catalysts, and catalyst supports, and so on. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Among these applications, catalyst supports for transition metals is one of the most interesting choices to design and prepare green heterogeneous catalysts for many organic reactions. [11] The tradition precursors of porous carbon are usually coal, petroleum coke, and their derives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%