A Review on Bioactivities of Tobacco Cembranoid Diterpenes

Abstract

Cembranoids are carbocyclic diterpenes comprising four isoprene units and are natural products with a parent skeleton consisting of a 14-membered ring. They have gained wide interest in recent years and are a major hotspot in the research of natural product chemistry. Since 1962, various tobacco cembranoid diterpenes have been identified. This review systematically discusses and summarises the excellent antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. These compounds show potential to be developed as botanical fungicides, cytotoxic drugs and drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are relatively few studies on the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. Therefore, future studies should focus on their structural modification, SAR and biogenic relationships.

4R-Cembranoid Treatment Alters Gene Expression of RAW264.7 Macrophages in Basal and Inflammatory Conditions

“…activity was produced by 4R at a concentration of 397μM, considerably higher than the EC50 at 0.8μM at which 4R induces neuroprotection in ex vivo hippocampal slices [24,25]. In the present work, treatment with LPS and 4R at 1.53μg/mL (5μM) differentially regulated close to 400 genes related to canonical pathways from the cell cycle to inflammation.…”

Yemen is free of COVID-19

“…Incidents of other infections, such as in luenza virus in Yemen is less than those in neighbor countries [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

An Update on Chemical Constituents from Nicotiana tabacum L. and Their Bioactivities from 2017 to 2020

“…The previous chemical investigations of N. tabacum indicated that 46 isolated compounds could be divided into nine categories: diterpenoids (1-6), sesquiterpenes (7-13), furan-2-carboxylic acids (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), flavonoids (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), sterols (33-36), 2-arylbenzofurans (37,38), isobenzofurans (39-41), phenylpropanoids (42)(43)(44)(45), and aminoglucoside (46). Among them, terpenes and flavonoids were predominant (Figure 1).…”

“…Cembranoid is one of the characteristic chemical constituent of N. tabacum featured with four isoprene units in the parent skeleton of a 14-membered ring. [29] These ingredients are present in not only the plants belonging to the genera Nicotiana and Pinus, but also marine organisms (e.g., soft coral). [30] In the continuous searches for active compounds from N. tabacum,…”