A review on bio-lubricants from non-edible oils-recent advances, chemical modifications and applications

Joshi, Jeimin R.; Bhanderi, Khodidas K.; Patel, J. D.

doi:10.1016/j.jics.2022.100849

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…4 The global lubricant industry is expected to reach 182.6 billion US dollars by 2025. 5 However, it is expected that environmental pollution may increase along with the demand for and consumption of mineral oil-based lubricants due to oil spills, lubricant loss during applications, ineffective waste lubricant recycling techniques, and increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a result of the refining of crude oil to produce various lubricant basestocks. 6,7 Additionally, mineral oil lubricants pollute the environment, contain heavy metals, are toxic, and are not readily biodegradable.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic base oil, synthetic polyalfaolefins (PAO), and multifunctional additives make up conventional mineral oil-derived lubricants. , Annual lubricant demand worldwide reached 44 million tons in 2020 and is predicted to reach 48.9 million tons by the year 2035 . The global lubricant industry is expected to reach 182.6 billion US dollars by 2025 . However, it is expected that environmental pollution may increase along with the demand for and consumption of mineral oil-based lubricants due to oil spills, lubricant loss during applications, ineffective waste lubricant recycling techniques, and increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a result of the refining of crude oil to produce various lubricant basestocks. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biolubricant Synthesis by Additization and Chemical Modification from Lipid-Rich Brackish Coelastrella sp. Using a Biorefinery Approach

Khan,

Das,

Radwan

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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With a sizable market share and widespread use in automotive and industrial applications, biolubricants are produced from the oils of terrestrial plants that have undergone chemical modification or additive addition. Brackish or marine microalgae utilize less arable land and have a lower freshwater footprint compared to terrestrial plants. They are thus a potential source of raw materials for the production of biolubricants. This study screened eight marine microalgae, i.e., Coelastrella sp., Chlorocystis sp., Ceatocerous sp., Neochloris sp., Picochlorum sp., Tisochrysis sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Synechococcus sp. for their lipid and pigment content as a preliminary step. Coelastrella sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Chlorocystis sp. were chosen for additional study in outdoor cultivation based on total lipid, pigments, and harvestability. Coelastrella, Tetraselmis, and Chlorocystis species had total lipid contents of 50.2, 7.6, and 9.1% (w/w), respectively. In Coelastrella sp., total carotenoids, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations were 0.3, 45.8, and 51%, respectively. Based on total carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and lipid content, Coelastrella sp. was chosen to produce biolubricants by chemical modification and addition of its lipid. Kinematic viscosities and the viscosity index of the EVA-added Coelastrella sp. biolubricant were higher than those of the chemically produced Coelastrella TMP triesters. The thermal stability of the Coelastrella biolubricant with EVA additive was higher, whereas chemically synthesized TMP triester biolubricant had considerably lower thermal stability. A 1% increase in EVA reduced the coefficient of friction of SFA biolubricant from 0.075 to 0.03 and the wear rate from 12 μ gm N −1 m −1 to 0.6 μ gm N −1 m −1 , resulting in 60% and 95% reduction in friction and wear rate, respectively, making it a potential lubricant basestock for a variety of industrial applications.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biolubricant Synthesis by Additization and Chemical Modification from Lipid-Rich Brackish Coelastrella sp. Using a Biorefinery Approach

Khan,

Das,

Radwan

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Still, transesterifications have limited effect on the cold-flow properties and oxidative stability of vegetable oil. Due to this, reacting of the double bonds is often included as part of bio-based lubricant synthesis [5][6][7][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The bio-based lubricants and related materials are used to some extent in almost every application [5][6][7]24,35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, some estolides were successfully commercialized as lubricants [24]. Even though some estolide products are superior to petroleum products, problems exist in their wide adoption, so research on improving their synthesis and properties continues [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. While some estolides have excellent cold-flow properties, other estolides do not [26], which highlights the need to find an optimum structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Flow Properties of Estolides: The Older (D97 and D2500) versus the Mini-(D5773 and D5949) Methods

Bantchev,

Ngo,

Chen

et al. 2024

Lubricants

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There is growing research on developing new and sustainable lubricants. Sustainable lubricants with adequate cold-flow properties are of particular interest for many applications. One limitation of the established methods for measuring cold flow properties is the large volume needed to test samples. This makes initial screening of many hard-to-synthesize samples difficult. In the current study, we compared the results of the older, widely accepted ASTM methods D97 (pour point, PP) and D2500 (cloud point, CP) to the newer, smaller-volume, and easier-to-perform methods D5949 and D5773 for bio-based base oils (estolides and iso-estolides). The CP results were in good agreement for less colored samples, but D5773 gave lower values for some darker (Gardner color >8) samples, especially esters. The D5949 showed a tendency to report slightly higher PP, especially for the lower values. Viscosities and densities in a wide temperature range (15 to 120 °C) were also measured. The surface tensions were estimated by a literature group method. Viscosity and density effects can only partially explain the differences in the PP values from the two methods. In conclusion, the newer mini-methods are an acceptable substitution when larger volumes are not accessible, unless the sample is too dark.

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“…Plant oils are readily available and cost-effective materials in a large volume. − The chemical structures of all plant oils contain triglycerides of fatty acids of different degrees of unsaturation (i.e., the number of carbon–carbon double bonds). Plant oils can be chemically modified and functionalized into different reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, epoxy, amines, etc., to increase their utilization in making sustainable products. − Based on the different chemical modifications and functionalizations, plant oils can be used to synthesize many biobased polymers including polyesters, polyurethanes, and polyamides. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Epoxidized Soybean Oil with Nanoscale Morphology, Shape-Memory Effect, and Biocompatibility

Madbouly,

Yamane,

Vlies

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Creating biobased polymer blends with outstanding properties, nanoscale morphology, shape-memory capability, and biocompatibility is very crucial and requires a fundamental understanding of the phase behavior, macromolecular structure, and biological compatibility of the polymer blends with living cells. It is very critical to understand the complex relationships among the polymer structure, morphology, and performance of multifunctional smart materials under conditions that they are likely to encounter during use, particularly in biomedical applications. Biobased semi-interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(ε-caprolactone) and epoxidized soybean oil with nanoscale morphology have been successfully synthesized via in situ cationic polymerization and compatibilization in a homogeneous solution. Varies analytical and characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Xray scattering, cell toxicity, and shape-memory effects (SMEs), have been employed to understand the structure−properties relationship of these smart, biobased nanostructured polymer blends. The synthesized nano blends were nontoxic or biocompatible and supported attachment of human vein endothelial cells, showing their potential use in biomedical applications. The current versatile, low-cost strategy for synthesizing the nanoscale morphology of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks with SMEs and biocompatibility should be widely applicable for polymer systems. This study is also considered as a continuation to our efforts in the area of biobased polymers to develop innovative technologies to transform natural resources into smart multifunctional materials for a wide range of applications, including coatings, adhesives, and medical devices.

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A review on bio-lubricants from non-edible oils-recent advances, chemical modifications and applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 97 publications

Biolubricant Synthesis by Additization and Chemical Modification from Lipid-Rich Brackish Coelastrella sp. Using a Biorefinery Approach

Biolubricant Synthesis by Additization and Chemical Modification from Lipid-Rich Brackish Coelastrella sp. Using a Biorefinery Approach

Cold-Flow Properties of Estolides: The Older (D97 and D2500) versus the Mini-(D5773 and D5949) Methods

Biobased Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Epoxidized Soybean Oil with Nanoscale Morphology, Shape-Memory Effect, and Biocompatibility

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