A Review on Antiviral Plants Effective Against Different Virus Types

Abstract

The treatment of microbial infections has proven challenging for humans in recent years. Synthetic medications, such as antimicrobial agents, are used for treating these infections. Antimicrobials derived from natural sources have gained popularity as an alternative to manufactured medications due to their lack of adverse effects. Plants, which play a significant role in this setting, have historically served as a reliable natural defence against several pathogens. In this study, studies on plants used against viral diseases are mentioned. Studies on viruses that cause disease have been compiled in the literature. According to the findings, it has been reported in the literature that many different plant species are effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus (A, B) and parainfluenza, Poliovirus, Astrovirus, Parvovirus, Sindbis virus (SINV), Feline calicivirus (FCV), Rhinovirus, Echovirus, Rotavirus, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Reovirus, Vaccinia virus (VACV), Cardiovirus A (Encephalomyocarditis virus; EMCV), Coxsackie virus, Semliki forest, Measles virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Coronavirus, Adenovirus (ADV-3, ADV-5, ADV-8, ADV -11), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), Hepatitis A, B, C virus and Enterovirus. To combat viruses, plants can be considered a potentially invaluable natural resource.

Papaver species: usage areas, essential oil, nutrient and elements contents, biological activities

“…The increase in the number of resistant microorganisms renders the utilised drugs inadequate [73]. Within this scope, researchers have directed their efforts towards the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs [74]. In literature studies, the effects of methanol and alkaloid extracts of Papaver glaucum and P. decaisnei collected from Iraq against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were reported.…”

Extraction-Free Colorimetric RT-LAMP Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva

“…The global outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. As of April 2023, this virus has caused more than 765 million confirmed cases all over the world since December 2019 [1,2]. Although the vaccination of the population has considerably improved the situation of the pandemic by decreasing mortality rates, it is still important to control the new infections.…”

Coptisine Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Upregulating p21

“…The principle of action for synthetic antiviral drugs is mainly to target enzymes or proteins in relation to replication and release in the virus [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], thereby preventing the virus from continuing to infect other normal cells. Unlike synthetic drugs, traditional Chinese medicine often indirectly inhibits viruses by activating innate antiviral immunity in the host cells [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Therefore, we screened the effective ingredients of some Chinese herbs that could activate human immunity [ 16 , 17 ], hoping to obtain some phytochemicals with anti-influenza virus activity from them.…”