A review on ammonia blends combustion for industrial applications

Kang, Lianwei; Pan, Weiguo; Zhang, Jiakai; Wang, Wenhuan; Tang, Congwei

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126150

Cited by 75 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Since serious environmental problems, such as climate change, caused by fuel-related pollutant emissions are gaining attention and thus corresponding international regulations are put forward, applying new combustion technologies and new alternative fuels are essential to the current international society. , One of the most efficient approaches for reducing soot emissions is blending combustion, which causes health problems and is considered as the second largest contributor of climate change . Hydrogen and ammonia are alternative carbon-free fuels and have attracted attention in the academic community. , The application of these species is expected to suppress CO 2 and soot production during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H₂/NH₃ Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame

Zhang

Chu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Zero-carbon alternative fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia are gaining popularity. Blending these fuels with hydrocarbons is an intermediate approach to mitigate soot and carbon dioxide production. Recent studies have concentrated their attention to the effects of ammonia and hydrogen on the soot production of hydrocarbon fuels. It is still necessary to completely comprehend how this influence is dependent on the type of fuel and flame configuration. In this work, the effect of hydrogen and ammonia addition on soot production in ethylene laminar inverse diffusion flames (IDF) was numerically examined for the first time. The thermal, chemical, and combined effects of hydrogen and ammonia were assessed by fictitious species. The experimental results from the literature were used to validate the temperature and soot volume fraction profiles. Results indicated that the flame temperature and the production of radicals are promoted chemically by hydrogen addition but inhibited under the thermal effect of ammonia. The principal source of the reduction in OH-represented flame height, soot volume fraction, average diameter, and primary particle number density in the IDF is the thermal effect of additives, and hydrogen addition performs better than ammonia. The major and intermediate species, the aromatic hydrocarbons, and the soot formation or oxidation reaction rates are decreased mainly by the hydrogen and ammonia thermal effect while increased moderately by the chemical effect. Therein, the reduction in soot generation is mainly due to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon condensation rate being slowed down by additives. The inhibition is attributed to the thermal effect of additions, and hydrogen behaves better than ammonia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H₂/NH₃ Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame

Zhang

Chu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The recent resurgence of interest in NH 3 as a fuel led to a rapid increase of scientific publications, as demonstrated by the large number of review articles published on this topic in the last four years only. ,,− Reluctance to burn remains a recurrent issue with NH 3 , but the high NO x emissions typically associated with NH 3 combustion are now also at the heart of the problem. Although fewer in number than studies on fundamental and laboratory-scale NH 3 combustion, studies dealing with the use of NH 3 to fuel practical combustion devices are steadily increasing too.…”

Section: Nh3 In Practical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Guiberti,

Pezzella,

Hayakawa

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Ammonia is a molecule that has been essential to human activities for centuries. It is widely used as a feedstock for fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and emissions after-treatment systems. The properties of ammonia have led to its interest as a carrier for hydrogen in energy applications. The combustion of ammonia for power and propulsion offers direct applications of this molecule in energy and transportation applications. However, there are significant challenges related to ammonia combustion, including low flammability and potentially high emissions. Blending of ammonia with hydrogen or hydrocarbons offers opportunities to improve combustibility. This mini review discusses challenges related to ammonia combustion and current state-of-the-art approaches to overcoming these challenges with research into chemical kinetics, laminar and turbulent flames, and engine and turbine systems. This paper seeks to introduce and summarize recent results on ammonia combustion by highlighting pertinent aspects of this rich and rapidly increasing body of information.

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“…To meet the specified emission standards, it is necessary to employ expensive post-treatment processes to reduce carbon emissions. Considering the high cost and technical difficulty of such processes, it is, therefore, more feasible to develop low-carbon fuels to replace fossil fuels. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the high cost and technical difficulty of such processes, it is, therefore, more feasible to develop low-carbon fuels to replace fossil fuels. 4,5 In the development of low-carbon/zero-carbon combustion, hydrogen is the most effective fuel. In terms of emissions, the major product of H 2 combustion is merely H 2 O, and it will react with air only at high-temperature conditions to produce a trace quantity of NO x .…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Research on the Injection Strategy of a Diesel-Ammonia Dual-Fuel Marine Engine

et al. 2023

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Currently, most ships still rely on fossil fuels as the main source for marine engines. However, diesel as a fuel for marine engines is no longer sufficient to meet the economic requirements of shipping and emission restrictions imposed by regulations as a result of the depletion of fossil fuels and the pollution generated by their burning. This research examined the viability of employing hydrogen-carrying fuel ammonia (NH 3 ) in marine engines to develop a low-carbon combustion technology, to address the carbon emission problem of marine diesel engines. The results demonstrate that a greater proportion of ignition fuel must be injected into the burning of ammonia due to its higher ignition energy requirements. And ammonia has a high evaporation rate, so it is important to properly extend the injection duration to lower the combustion rate and keep the maximum explosion pressure in the cylinder under control. If the injection duration of the original engine's diesel mode is maintained in dual-fuel mode, the explosion pressure in the cylinder can increase by more than 5 MPa, exceeding the limit of the original engine. However, by extending the original engine duration, the maximum explosion pressure returned to the original engine level. The starting point of the in-cylinder combustion can be efficiently regulated by changing the injection timing. Under typical injection intervals, the heat released rate (HRR) curve shifted with ammonia injection time, and rough combustion occurred only when the injection interval between the ignition fuel and ammonia was too short. According to the simulation, with all other conditions held constant, the optimal fuel injection strategy maintains the in-cylinder pressure of the engine at the diesel engine's original level in the dual-fuel mode. Additionally, it reduced carbon emissions by over 90% and NOx emissions by approximately 70% compared with the original diesel engine.

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A review on ammonia blends combustion for industrial applications

Cited by 75 publications

References 136 publications

H₂/NH₃ Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame

H₂/NH₃ Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Simulation Research on the Injection Strategy of a Diesel-Ammonia Dual-Fuel Marine Engine

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A review on ammonia blends combustion for industrial applications

Cited by 75 publications

References 136 publications

H2/NH3 Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame

H2/NH3 Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Simulation Research on the Injection Strategy of a Diesel-Ammonia Dual-Fuel Marine Engine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

H₂/NH₃ Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame

H₂/NH₃ Addition Effects on Flame Characteristics and Soot Formation in Ethylene Inverse Diffusion Flame