A review on advances in synthetic methodology and biological profile of spirothiazolidin‐4‐ones

Abstract

Heterocycles are important structural components in pharmacophores that are currently being used to treat several diseases. Among the various heterocyclic scaffolds, nitrogen and sulfur containing spiroheterocycles are essential structural motifs that constitute diverse biodynamic agents. In the last two decades, a paradigm shift has occurred in the synthesis of spirothiazolidin-4-ones by replacing conventional and multi-step synthesis with green protocols, that use novel organo and nanocatalysts. In this review, literature on spirothiazolidin-4-ones from years 2000-2021 has been summarized into groups of different synthetic strategies and their potential biological activities.

Synergistic applications of nanocomposite, ultrasound, and on‐water synthesis for efficient and green synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives via cascade C–N, C–O, and C–S bond formation

“…The spirooxindole structure has been extensively found in several alkaloids with significant therapeutic properties, such as elacomine, welwitindolinone A isonitrile, horsfline, marefortine, alstonisine, and mitraphylline [19][20][21] (Figure 1). The compounds with this scaffold possess immense biological activities, namely, anticonvulsant activity, 22 antiviral activity, 23 antitumor activity, 24 antimicrobial activity, 25 local anesthetic activity, 26 and antidiabetic, 27 and this moiety is also used as a valuable precursor for the development of several kinds of drugs, including isopteropodine and pteropodine inhibiting the muscarinic serotonin receptor function, 28 and spirotryprostatin A and spirotryprostatin B are found to be effective against microtubule assembly 29 (Figure 2).…”

One-Pot Synthesis of 1-Thia-4-azaspiro[4.4/5]alkan-3-ones via Schiff Base: Design, Synthesis, and Apoptotic Antiproliferative Properties of Dual EGFR/BRAFV600E Inhibitors

“…On the other hand, the thiazole moiety has piqued researchers’ interest due to its robust biological properties [ 29 , 30 ]. Regarding anti-cancer activity, thiazole and its derivatives rank among the most active compounds [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Furthermore, several clinically available anti-cancer drugs contain thiazole-containing compounds, such as dabrafenib ( IV , Figure 2 ) (BRAF inhibitor) [ 37 ].…”