A Review on Advanced Manufacturing for Hydrogen Storage Applications

Abstract

Hydrogen is a notoriously difficult substance to store yet has endless energy applications. Thus, the study of long-term hydrogen storage, and high-pressure bulk hydrogen storage have been the subject of much research in the last several years. To create a research path forward, it is important to know what research has already been done, and what is already known about hydrogen storage. In this review, several approaches to hydrogen storage are addressed, including high-pressure storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, and metal hydride absorption. Challenges and advantages are offered based on reported research findings. Since the project looks closely at advanced manufacturing, techniques for the same are outlined as well. There are seven main categories into which most rapid prototyping styles fall. Each is briefly explained and illustrated as well as some generally accepted advantages and drawbacks to each style. An overview of hydrogen adsorption on metal hydrides, carbon fibers, and carbon nanotubes are presented. The hydrogen storage capacities of these materials are discussed as well as the differing conditions in which the adsorption was performed under. Concepts regarding storage shape and materials accompanied by smaller-scale advanced manufacturing options for hydrogen storage are also presented.

The Features of Intense Electron Flow Impact on Metal Hydride Electrode

“…The metal-hydride element was produced from the alloy of Zr 50 V 50 by the standard method [5]. It includes an alloy activation and filling with hydrogen.…”

“…Then crushed hydride was mixed with a copper powder followed by pressing it in a disk 20 mm in diameter with a thickness of 4 mm. The quantity of accumulated hydrogen in produced electrode was measured by Siverts method [5] and was about 800 cm 3 under normal conditions.…”

“…The decomposition of the hydride phases followed by hydrogen desorption is also accompanied by energy absorption, which limits the temperature of the sample and prevents its melting. At low temperatures of 80 -350 o C the desorption is caused by the decomposition of intermetallic hydrides ZrV 2 H x , and further by the destruction of the zirconium hydride in the temperature range of 400 -650 o C [5]. The dynamics of floating plasma potential φ space was registered by a flat probe 9, which was installed in the chamber outside the plasma source stream.…”

Binding Materials for MOF Monolith Shaping Processes: A Review towards Real Life Application

“…For example, a sector in which there is much space for improvement with regard to the applications MOFs might be suitable for is the building sector (i.e., to improve the indoor air quality, in filters for air purification, in dehumidifiers, integrated into heat transformation cycles for heating and cooling applications, natural gas storage, CO 2 capture and storage); however, given the powdery nature of MOFs, as is the case in most industrial sectors, it is still not possible for MOFs to be integrated into the envelopes of buildings or in their systems, and as a result, there are few applications that link MOFs' intrinsic characteristics with the elements of a building (e.g., the walls, systems, and interior decoration objects). Bearing this in mind, the solution to pave the way for MOFs to find their position within the building stock and in other industrial topologies might be hidden due to the lack of information on how to turn powder into a monolith [37], which would make it easier to find an application such as hydrogen or natural gas storage [38][39][40]. Within this context, we conducted a literature review with regard to the binders used for MOF shape processing into monoliths, granules, or pellets, since their ease of handling and more rigid nature compared to thin films, foams, and gels make them more suitable for in-house applications.…”

Potential hydrogen storage materials from Li decorated N‐doped Me‐graphene

“…However, these graphene materials do not adsorb large amounts of hydrogen at room temperature. [20][21][22] To change this situation, atoms can be doped in carbon-based media to regulate electronic properties, and nitrogen (N) is one of the most commonly used dopants. [23][24][25][26] Nitrogen has a similar size and electronic structure to carbon, so doping does not change the structure of the original material much.…”