A review on adaptive power system protection schemes for future smart and micro grids, challenges and opportunities

Islam, Khandoker; Kim, Dowon; Abu-Siada, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110241

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The existing system has encountered protection coordination challenges due to the bidirectional power flow, different types and capacities of generation sources, and changes in fault levels due to network operating modes [5]. With the rise in renewable energy sources, the load current supplied from the grid varies, creating a mismatch between the existing protective relay settings and the actual network conditions, necessitating a reassessment of the settings, which can no longer accurately reflect the network state [6]. Distributed generator (DG) penetration may pose serious issues in the normal operation of utility protection schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Frequency Differential Protection Algorithm

Matišić,

Antić,

Havelka

et al. 2024

Energies

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Advancements in new technologies, a reduction in CO2 emissions, and the rising demand for energy are causing a growth in the share of renewable energy sources. In distribution networks, an increasing number of distributed generators (DGs) makes the utility grid’s protection complex and demanding. Vector surge and rate-of-change-of-frequency are the established anti-islanding protection methods, recognizing that the standard paradigm for protection, involving distributed generation, cannot be set only once but has to be continuously updated following the requirements and changes in the system. One of the requirements is active participation in the preservation of system frequency and voltage, which can be interrupted if the DG trips and disconnects from the utility grid. Anti-islanding protection and spurious tripping can be avoided by implementing new algorithms and techniques. This paper presents a novel protection scheme based on a voltage frequency differential. The proposed algorithm employs remote and local frequency measurements in such a manner that, for the occurrence of a frequency difference, it is assumed that the DG is in an islanding state. In this article, we demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm through numerical analysis of grid events and laboratory testing emulating real grid-measured values. The test results show that the algorithm is resilient to false tripping for non-islanding events and more reliable than conventional methods in islanding detection. The algorithm can be set to low-frequency differential values, drastically reducing the non-detection zone in any DG type, regardless of its size and voltage level at the point of common coupling. Unlike standard anti-islanding methods, the algorithm supports the ability of the DG to fault-ride through demand.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%