A review of ZT measurement for bulk thermoelectric material

Yatim, Nadhrah Md; Sallehin, Nur Zahidah Izzati Mohd; Suhaimi, Syahida; Hashim, M. A.

doi:10.1063/1.5041223

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Conventional thermoelectric materials, which are bulk doped semiconductor alloys or chalcogenide, can be grouped into three families according to the temperature range at which the performance is optimum: Bi 2 Te 3 -based materials for ambient temperature applications (< 150 • C), TAGS [(AgSbTe 2 )1-x(GeTe)x] and PbTe-based materials for intermediate temperature range (150-500 • C), and SiGe for use at temperatures over 500 • C [61][62][63]. The temperature range can be widened by using a combination of materials characterized by different temperature ranges in a segmented structure [64].…”

Section: Conventional Thermoelectric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications

Zoui

Bentouba

Stocholm³

et al. 2020

Energies

207

108

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A thermoelectric effect is a physical phenomenon consisting of the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy (Seebeck effect) or inversely from electrical current into heat (Peltier effect) without moving mechanical parts. The low efficiency of thermoelectric devices has limited their applications to certain areas, such as refrigeration, heat recovery, power generation and renewable energy. However, for specific applications like space probes, laboratory equipment and medical applications, where cost and efficiency are not as important as availability, reliability and predictability, thermoelectricity offers noteworthy potential. The challenge of making thermoelectricity a future leader in waste heat recovery and renewable energy is intensified by the integration of nanotechnology. In this review, state-of-the-art thermoelectric generators, applications and recent progress are reported. Fundamental knowledge of the thermoelectric effect, basic laws, and parameters affecting the efficiency of conventional and new thermoelectric materials are discussed. The applications of thermoelectricity are grouped into three main domains. The first group deals with the use of heat emitted from a radioisotope to supply electricity to various devices. In this group, space exploration was the only application for which thermoelectricity was successful. In the second group, a natural heat source could prove useful for producing electricity, but as thermoelectricity is still at an initial phase because of low conversion efficiency, applications are still at laboratory level. The third group is progressing at a high speed, mainly because the investigations are funded by governments and/or car manufacturers, with the final aim of reducing vehicle fuel consumption and ultimately mitigating the effect of greenhouse gas emissions.

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Section: Conventional Thermoelectric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications

Zoui

Bentouba

Stocholm³

et al. 2020

Energies

207

108

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“…It can be observed that the research is still in development in this domain, as demonstrated by several and diverse research works [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], and that the interest of modern countries is to further develop technologies associated with intelligent and green highways. The present work analyzes the main technologies for energy harvesting with the purpose of finding the best solutions for powering a grid of wireless sensors attached to an intelligent highway infrastructure with the aim of supporting information-connected and smart vehicles.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The power output of a wind generator thus directly depends on the area swept by the rotor and the wind speed raised at the cube. The power density of a wind generator may be estimated by [32]:…”

Section: Analysis Of Electrokinetic Generators For Energy Harvesting ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shown in Table 1 are the required values of power, by different types of applications, and in Table 2 the recorded temperatures in asphalt for lower latitude regions [31]. Usually, the energetic efficiency of TEGs is between 8% and 15% [32,33], so their applications in the infrastructure might be limited for highway scenarios [31], except perhaps specific situations where there are dedicated structures to collect supplementary energy from heat-generating processes, or small solar plants containing both solar cells and TEGs. However, there is more to deal with in terms of these transducers on mobile platforms, as the vehicles have more heated parts that can be employed to recover a certain amount of the energy generated by the fuel, which would be otherwise lost by dissipation, with negative effects on the environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the Feasibility and Efficiency of Self-Powered Green Intelligent Highways

Minea

Dumitrescu

2022

Energies

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(1) Background: The present development of transport networks focusses on the better management of fuels and energy and the preservation of the environment. To fulfill these desiderates, some countries have already reconsidered the deployment plans of new highways. This research studies the feasibility of less polluting, quasi-self-powered, intelligent highway infrastructure functional blocks accommodating functions for the future introduction of smart wireless sensor grids and connected autonomous vehicles. Subject of investigation are the possibilities of energy harvesting, and the intelligent management of resources. (2) Methods: the research investigates the main technologies for energy harvesting and recommends an optimal solution. It also proposes a framework for the intelligent, AI-based management of energy and the use of an optimized backup solution relying on 5G beamforming for energy supply of the local wireless sensing network devices; (3) Results: recommendations are made for the best energy harvesting solution, an architecture of the energy management system, an algorithm for energy management and backup solution based on 5G beamforming; (4) Conclusions: the research emphasizes the advantages and drawbacks for different solutions regarding energy harvesting in an intelligent green highway scenario with a focus on the infrastructure developed to accommodate future connected and autonomous vehicles. The term “intelligent highway” must be understood in the automotive industry to describe a network of roads where cars communicate with the infrastructure and among themselves for the purpose of avoiding congestion and performing the seamless operation of services, and a space where cars and infrastructure cooperatively process information for obtaining better road safety, less pollution, and efficient energy management. With the recent recession of conventional fuel availability and the increase in prices, a solution to improving autonomy of both cars and infrastructure might be welcomed.

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“…Although other research in solar cells focus on organic solar cells such as DSSC [73], perovskite and quantum dots, the efficiencies is still low compared to inorganic solar cells. To increase the efficiencies, study also has move on into hybrid system solar cells such as with thermoelectric material [74,75] and phase change material (PCM) [76] as one of promising area in solar cells. However, this review will focus on development of CZTS-based as an alternative material for thin film solar cells aim at different fabrication method, characterization of thin film as well as other promising dopant for solar cell materials which not containing rare or hazardous elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of CZTS Thin Film Solar Cell Technology

Islam

Yatim

2021

ARFMTS

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Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) solar cells have recently attracted attention as a potential low-cost earth abundant replacement for CIGS cells. This is due to their constituent’s Zn and Sn are non-toxic and earth-abundant compare to the elements of In and Ga in CIGS. Thus, aiming to analyse solar cells free from the environmental contaminant, CZTS is viewed as a potential candidate as the absorber for the next generation thin film solar cells. However, the conversion efficiency of CZTS based solar cells reported which is relatively low (highest conversion efficiency recorded is 12.5%) from the theoretical conversion efficiency limit of 32.2%. This is due to the low fill factor (FF), open circuit voltage (Voc) and current density (Jsc). In this study analysis of the different CZTS based solar cells and its synthesis methods will be reviewed. The effect of the compositional change and various structure in the CZTS, different buffer layers with their interfaces are thoroughly studied. The challenges regarding improving the conversion efficiency of CZTS solar cells and their future in the thin film solar cell application are discussed.

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A review of ZT measurement for bulk thermoelectric material

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications

A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications

On the Feasibility and Efficiency of Self-Powered Green Intelligent Highways

A Review of CZTS Thin Film Solar Cell Technology

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