A Review of Weed Control Practices in Landscape Planting Beds: Part II—Chemical Weed Control Methods

Marble, Chris; Koeser, Andrew K.; Hasing, Gitta

doi:10.21273/hortsci.50.6.857

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, in studies with crop residues, satisfactory weed control has often been reported even in cases in which most of the herbicide was intercepted by surface residue (Crutchfield et al, 1986;Ghadiri et al, 1984). This is primarily because weed control usually increases as mulch depth increases, regardless of weed seed placement due to the inhibitory effects of mulch on weed germination and growth (Crutchfield et al, 1986;Chalker-Scott, 2007;Ghadiri et al, 1984;Marble et al, 2015aMarble et al, , 2015b. Although these data show that PS may adsorb less herbicide than PB or HW, more data are needed to evaluate long-term control with these combinations in a variety of environments.…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ulching is one of the most widely adopted and effective methods of weed control in landscape planting beds (Chalker-Scott, 2007;Marble et al, 2015a). Although mulch is an effective weed management tool, preemergence herbicides may be used in combination with mulch to reduce labor costs associated with hand weeding, repeated application of postemergence herbicides, or both (Marble, 2015;Marble et al, 2015aMarble et al, , 2015bWilen and Elmore, 2007). In addition to weed control benefits, use of common mulch, such as PB or PS, has been shown to reduce runoff and leaching of preemergence herbicides, including pendimethalin, metolachlor, and isoxaben, by 35% to 74% in the landscape compared with application of these herbicides to bare soil (Knight et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Short-term Preemergence Herbicide Adsorption by Mulch Materials and Impacts on Weed Control

Saha

Marble

Pearson

et al. 2019

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The objective of this research was to determine how mulch type affects adsorption and efficacy of commonly used preemergence herbicides in nurseries and landscapes. Nursery containers were filled with standard potting media and mulched with either pine bark (PB) mini-nuggets (mixed Pinus sp.), pine straw (PS; mixed Pinus sp.), or shredded eucalyptus hardwood (HW; Eucalyptus sp.) at a 2-inch depth. Herbicides including dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin (applied as a tank mix), prodiamine, and indaziflam were applied to mulched containers, watered in, and the mulch was subsequently removed 3 days later. Seeds of garden spurge (Euphorbia hirta), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) were then seeded and used as bioassay species for dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin, prodiamine, and indaziflam, respectively. Chemical assays were also performed using a separate set of pots mulched with PB at 2 inches and treated with the same herbicides. Results from the bioassay experiment showed PS was the only mulch type that did not significantly decrease efficacy of any applied herbicide. Chemical assays showed only 34% of the applied dimethenamid-P reached the soil surface as evidenced by chemical assay, but more dimethenamid-P moved through PB than did pendimethalin (12%) or prodiamine (17%), which adsorbed more strongly. Overall results suggest preemergence herbicides will be strongly adsorbed to organic mulch. However, as mulch is typically more effective on weeds that germinate below the mulch layer, this does not automatically result in reduced efficacy from herbicide + mulch combinations, and the addition of a preemergence herbicide may be effective in reducing weed germination within or on top of the mulch layer.

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Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Short-term Preemergence Herbicide Adsorption by Mulch Materials and Impacts on Weed Control

Saha

Marble

Pearson

et al. 2019

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“…In the landscape industry, mulch is usually used in landscape beds for both aesthetic purposes and weed control and typically applied at 2-3 inches (Marble et al, 2015). Mulch is less commonly used in the nursery industry because of the increased cost and difficulty of application but may be used in longer term crops or for crops that are sensitive to PRE herbicide applications (Case et al, 2005).…”

Section: Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulch Type and Depth, Herbicide Formulation, and Postapplication Irrigation Volume Influence on Control of Common Landscape Weed Species

Saha

Marble

Pearson

et al. 2019

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Mulch is often applied in landscape planting beds for weed control, but little research has focused specifically on mulch and preemergence (PRE) herbicide combinations. The objectives of this research were to determine the efficacy of herbicide + mulch combinations and which factors significantly affected weed control, including herbicide formulation and posttreatment irrigation volumes. Additional objectives were to determine efficacy derived from mulch or herbicides used alone under herbicide + mulch combinations and to identify differences in the additive (herbicide + mulch combinations) or singular (herbicide or mulch) effects compared with the use of herbicides or mulch only. Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), garden spurge (Euphorbia hirta), and eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) were used as bioassay species for prodiamine, dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin, and indaziflam efficacy, respectively. The experiment consisted of a factorial treatment arrangement of two herbicide formulations (granular or spray applied), three mulch types [hardwood chips (HWs), pine bark (PB), and pine straw (PS)], two mulch depths (1 and 2 inches), and three levels of one-time, posttreatment irrigation volumes (0.5, 1, and 2 inches). Three sets of controls were used: the first set included three mulch types applied at two depths receiving only 0.5-inch irrigation volume, the second set included only two herbicide formulations and three one-time irrigation volumes, whereas the last set received no treatment (no herbicide or mulch) and only 0.5-inch irrigation volume. High levels of large crabgrass and garden spurge control (88% to 100%) were observed with all herbicide + mulch combinations evaluated at mulch depths of 1 inch or greater. When comparing mulch types, the best eclipta control was achieved with hardwood at 2 inches depth. The spray formulation of indaziflam outperformed the granular formulation in most cases when used alone or in combination with mulch. Overall, the results showed that spray formulations of prodiamine and dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin were more effective than granular formulations when applied alone, whereas indaziflam was more effective as a spray formulation when used both alone and in combination with mulch. Increasing irrigation volume was not a significant factor for any of the herbicide + mulch combinations when evaluating overall weed control.

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“…Allelochemicals can also be used for weed management ( Table 1 ) as they act as natural herbicides. Advantages of these natural products over synthetic herbicides include: (1) Natural products exhibit structural diversity and possess complex structures that could be used as an alternative for herbicide discovery; (2) Readily decompose in nature; and (3) Contain a different mode of action compared with synthetic herbicides ( Duke et al, 1997 , 2000 ; Dayan et al, 1999 ), providing alternative action sites for herbicides needed to control weeds in areas where few synthetic products can be used ( Marble et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Allelochemicals: Mechanism Of Control and Use As Natural Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic Effects of Common Landscape and Nursery Mulch Materials on Weed Control

2018

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Use of organic mulch materials such as pinebark, pinestraw, or various hardwood chips for weed control is a common practice in residential and commercial landscapes. Mulch can inhibit weed seed germination and growth through light exclusion, acting as physical barrier, reducing available moisture to weed seeds within the mulch layer, and through release of allelochemicals that may inhibit germination or growth of some weed species. Previous and current research on allelopathic chemicals present in mulch have focused on cover crops and their residues with an emphasis on agronomic crops. These materials would not be suitable in a landscape setting due to rapid decomposition, lack of commercial availability, and little aesthetic appeal. Research is needed concerning identification, quantification, extraction, mechanism of release, persistence, selectivity, genetic regulation, and mode of action of potential allelochemicals present in mulch materials used for landscape purposes. More knowledge of these natural chemicals could aid practitioners and homeowners in the selection of mulch and identify potential new mulch materials that could be utilized in these industries. The purpose of this review is to summarize previous research pertaining to allelopathic compounds present in commonly used mulch materials and identify new potential mulch materials that could be utilized in the landscape sector based upon allelopathic properties. Current areas where additional research is needed are also identified.

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A Review of Weed Control Practices in Landscape Planting Beds: Part II—Chemical Weed Control Methods

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Short-term Preemergence Herbicide Adsorption by Mulch Materials and Impacts on Weed Control

Short-term Preemergence Herbicide Adsorption by Mulch Materials and Impacts on Weed Control

Mulch Type and Depth, Herbicide Formulation, and Postapplication Irrigation Volume Influence on Control of Common Landscape Weed Species

Allelopathic Effects of Common Landscape and Nursery Mulch Materials on Weed Control

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