A review of water injection application on spark-ignition engines

Wan, Juye; Zhuang, Yuan; Huang, Yuhan; Qian, Li-Jun

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106956

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Water is a highly effective cooling agent that can reduce the temperature of a combustible mixture and dilutes its combustion. This property of water helps to suppress the spread of flames and slow down the entire combustion process (Wan et al., 2021). H2 operation showed an average improvement in efficiency of 3% compared to non‐turbocharged hydrogen engine operation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results exhibited that H1 and H2 operations had slightly lower CO emissions compared to counter‐engine operations, but the values were too low in comparison to neat hydrogen. This can be attributed to the wide high flame speed and flammability range of hydrogen, which rapidly consumes oxygen and adjacent air from water–methanol, leading to a reduction in CO oxidation time and post‐combustion period resulting in lower CO emissions (Ji & Wang, 2009; Ma et al., 2010; Shivaprasad et al., 2015; Wan et al., 2021). As shown in Exhibit 12(a), it can be concluded that emissions of CO decrease for hydrogen, H1 and H2 operations compared to gasoline, but there is a slight increase as the speed of engine also increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of water‐methanol injection and turbocharging on the performance of a hydrogen‐fueled spark ignition engine

Chitragar,

Shivaprasad,

Ichchangi

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article presents a study that compares the performance and emission characteristics of a four‐stroke, four‐cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine fueled by gasoline and neat hydrogen. The engine was equipped with turbocharging to optimize ignition timing for power boosting and vaporized water–methanol injection to reduce emissions. Engine tests were conducted at speeds ranging from 2000 to 6000 rpm, with a fixed intake pressure and varying quantities of hydrogen and spark advance timings. The study compared the results of non‐turbocharged and turbocharged engines with water–methanol injection in terms of combustion, performance, and emissions. The findings showed that the turbocharged water–methanol hydrogen operation had a higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than its counterpart, while the brake power of the hydrogen engine operation increased with turbocharging but slightly decreased with water–methanol injection. Additionally, volumetric efficiency improved by 7% for turbocharged and 4% for water‐injected hydrogen engine operation compared to the counterpart. The cylinder pressure for turbocharging with water–methanol operation yielded 16.32% higher compared with counterpart gasoline engine operation. Finally, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were reduced with turbocharging and water–methanol injection compared to the counterpart non‐turbocharged hydrogen engine operation.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of water‐methanol injection and turbocharging on the performance of a hydrogen‐fueled spark ignition engine

Chitragar,

Shivaprasad,

Ichchangi

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The remote wireless intelligent layered water injection technology consists of a surface part and an underground part [10].. The ground part mainly includes the upper computer client, server, remote wireless communication network, electric control cabinet, and ground controller; the downhole part mainly includes two-way anchors, packers, intelligent water distributors, and ball seats.…”

Section: Technical Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Remote Wireless Intelligent Layered Water Injection Technology in Dagang Oilfield

Song,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A remote wireless intelligent layered water injection technolo-gy is proposed to address the problems of traditional layered water in-jection well testing in oil fields, such as the inability to achieve continu-ous dynamic monitoring of injection parameters, high failure rate, and low success rate of testing and commissioning. The technology consists of a host computer client, a server, a surface controller, and an under-ground intelligent water distributor. The underground intelligent water distributor takes the injected water as the carrier, and uses the fluctua-tion of the water injection pressure in the tubing for signal transmission to realize two-way communication between the ground controller and the downhole intelligent water distributor. The underground intelligent water distributor integrates high-precision pressure gauges, controllable water nozzles, and calculation and control modules to form an intelli-gent control system, realizing the reception of ground down transmitted commands or data, the calculation and control of water injection flow rate of water nozzles, and the storage and upload of underground data. Remote wireless intelligent layered water injection technology has been applied in 43 wells, with a success rate of 100%. The maximum depth is 3897m, and the maximum wellbore inclination is 56.07°. This tech-nology realizes remote control of water injection wells, intelligent au-tomatic measurement and adjustment, real-time data monitoring, and automatic early warning functions, laying a foundation for the con-struction of “Digital Intelligence” oilfield.

show abstract

“…Water injection in gasoline engines can provide significant charge cooling and knock mitigation benefits. , Water has a higher latent heat of vaporization compared with common engine fuels and diluents. As liquid water vaporizes upon injection, substantial heat is absorbed from the air charge, markedly reducing the temperature during compression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Port Water Injection on GDI Engine Fuel Economics and Emissions

Zhang,

Huang,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This experimental study investigates the impact of water injection into intake ports on combustion and emissions in gasoline engines. It also examines particle size distribution at various water-to-fuel ratios and explores the combined effects of water injection and compression ratios in gasoline engines. The results indicate that water injection effectively mitigates engine knock, reduces peak firing pressures, and moderates heat release rates through charge cooling. Advancing ignition timing with water injection advances combustion, resulting in reduced specific fuel consumption, particularly under moderate load conditions. Water injection lowers NOx emissions by reducing combustion temperatures but increases unburned THC emissions due to inhibited oxidation reaction rates. Minor effects were observed on CO emissions. Furthermore, particle numbers were significantly reduced with water injection, particularly in the nucleation mode particles. The simultaneous application of a higher compression ratio and water injection yields substantial improvements in fuel consumption with minimal impact on NOx and THC emissions.

show abstract

A review of water injection application on spark-ignition engines

Cited by 35 publications

References 78 publications

Influence of water‐methanol injection and turbocharging on the performance of a hydrogen‐fueled spark ignition engine

Influence of water‐methanol injection and turbocharging on the performance of a hydrogen‐fueled spark ignition engine

Application of Remote Wireless Intelligent Layered Water Injection Technology in Dagang Oilfield

Experimental Study of Port Water Injection on GDI Engine Fuel Economics and Emissions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About