A review of typhoid fever transmission dynamic models and economic evaluations of vaccination

Watson, Conall; Edmunds, W. John

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.013

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…We did not explicitly assign a cost to morbidity or mortality, but did quantify the change in number of deaths from NTS, and the size of an outbreak under considered scenarios. As has been observed for Salmonella Typhi (typhoid), our study shows that early detection and appropriate treatment are much more effective and cheaper than the status quo 9,17,42,43 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Such models have been developed, albeit with variable focus and for other pathogens, before. Mathematical models of typhoid are reviewed in 17,18 , including a landmark model by 19 , highlighting the need for models and economic analysis. Feasey et al considered the interaction between malaria, HIV, malnutrition, and rainfall, and pediatric invasive NTS (iNTS) 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Cost Benefit Analysis to Guide Deployment of POC Diagnostics for Non-typhoidalSalmonellaInfections with Antimicrobial Resistance

Manore

Graham

Carr

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is among the leading causes of blood stream infections in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions, especially among pediatric populations. Invasive NTS can be difficult to treat and have high case-fatality rates, in part due to emergence of strains resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Furthermore, improper treatment contributes to increased antibiotic resistance and death. Point of care (POC) diagnostic tests that rapidly identify invasive NTS infection, and differentiate between resistant and non-resistant strains, may greatly improve patient outcomes and decrease resistance at the community level. Here we present for the first time a model for NTS dynamics in high risk populations that can analyze the potential advantages and disadvantages of four strategies involving POC diagnostic deployment, and the resulting impact on antimicrobial treatment for patients. Our analysis strongly supports the use of POC diagnostics coupled with targeted antibiotic use for patients upon arrival in the clinic for optimal patient and public health outcomes. We show that even the use of imperfect POC diagnostics can significantly reduce total costs and number of deaths, provided that the diagnostic gives results quickly enough that patients are likely to return or stay to receive targeted treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Cost Benefit Analysis to Guide Deployment of POC Diagnostics for Non-typhoidalSalmonellaInfections with Antimicrobial Resistance

Manore

Graham

Carr

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Although largely controlled in Europe and North America, typhoid remains endemic in many parts of the world. Typhoid fever incidence varies substantially high areas of endemicity include South-central Asia, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa [98,99].…”

Section: Vi-polysaccharide Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever

Bharmoria¹

2017

IJVR

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Salmonella typhi is the causal organism for the typhoid fever. Typhoid disease is a problem in those developing countries where lack of sanitation, poor water supplies and exposure to unhygienic and polluted environment is a part of routine life of majority of population. Salmonella typhi expresses various virulence antigens like H-antigens, O-antigens and Vi antigens which plays vital role in the infection and pathogenesis of the bacteria. Salmonella typhi causes fever, nausea, headache, body fatigue and bowel related complications in the patients. This disease had been diagnosed by culture method, Widal test for past several decades. These diagnostic techniques are being replaced by the modern assays like ELISA, Dot blot ELISA, DipStick Assays, RT-PCR and other molecular assays. The evolution in diagnostic assays had occurred as the antibiotic resistance in the Salmonella typhi had shown an increase. The Salmonella typhi had been evolved into a multidrug resistant bacteria which need to be timely diagnosed to start the appropriate and correct treatment of typhoid to prevent further complications. This article imparts a brief glimpse on Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever and diagnostic assays available at clinical laboratories. There is a need to focus on the correct and rapid diagnostic methods which should be modified and made accessible to the clinical diagnostic laboratories.

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“…27 The three S. enterica clusters of greater importance for human health are serovar Typhi (or S. Typhi), serovar Typhimurium (or S. Typhimurium) and serovar Enteritidis (or S. Enteritidis). S. Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a disease particularly diffused in Asia, and endemic in the Indian subcontinent.…”

Section: Global Trends the Explosion Of Salmonella Typhi H58mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 S. Typhi is able to infect human blood and intestine, producing an array of symptoms including nausea, vomiting, fever and death. A portion of colonized people usually remain asymptomatic for long periods of time (up to years), shedding the bacterium into their stool and urine, 27 with the effect of sustaining the pathogen transmission.…”

Section: Global Trends the Explosion Of Salmonella Typhi H58mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial genomic epidemiology, from local outbreak characterization to species-history reconstruction

Gaiarsa

Marco

Comandatore

et al. 2015

Pathogens and Global Health

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Bacteriology has embraced the next-generation sequencing revolution, swiftly moving from the time of single genome sequencing to the age of genomic epidemiology. Hundreds and now even thousands of genomes are being sequenced for single bacterial species, allowing unprecedented levels of resolution and insight in the evolution and epidemic diffusion of the main bacterial pathogens. Here, we present a review of some of the most recent and groundbreaking studies in this field.

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A review of typhoid fever transmission dynamic models and economic evaluations of vaccination

Cited by 42 publications

References 57 publications

Modeling and Cost Benefit Analysis to Guide Deployment of POC Diagnostics for Non-typhoidalSalmonellaInfections with Antimicrobial Resistance

Modeling and Cost Benefit Analysis to Guide Deployment of POC Diagnostics for Non-typhoidalSalmonellaInfections with Antimicrobial Resistance

Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever

Bacterial genomic epidemiology, from local outbreak characterization to species-history reconstruction

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