A review of types of risks in agriculture: What we know and what we need to know

Komarek, Adam M.; Pinto, Alessandro De; Smith, Vincent H.

doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102738

Cited by 236 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Specifically, increasing the size of the farm was associated with a high level of risk perception of fraudulent pesticides. A larger farm size farm usually implies greater overall economic losses if crops are damaged, forcing larger-scale farmers to purchase high-quality inputs [40]. This suggests that a larger farm size is conducive to farmers' perception of fraudulent pesticides, whereas a smaller farm size may increase the risk of purchasing fraudulent pesticides in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Do farmers perceive risks of fraudulent pesticides? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Kassem

Alotaibi

2020

PLoS ONE

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The increasing number of fraudulent pesticides on the market not only constitutes a major threat to sustainable agriculture but can also have adverse consequences for the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to assess farmers' risk perception with regard to fraudulent pesticides and to establish the determinants of their perception. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 370 farmers from the eastern region in Saudi Arabia. The findings showed that farmers had a high perception of physical, legal, social, and physiological risks of counterfeit pesticides, while they had a moderate perception of agri-environmental risks (M = 3.47, SD = 0.72) and economic risks (M = 3.52, SD = 1.11). Moreover, 73.5% of farmers reported that they had purchased fraudulent pesticides in the last three years. The results of the t-test revealed that the number of farmers who had purchased fraudulent pesticides was significantly higher than the number of farmers who had not purchased such pesticides regarding the perception of the majority of risks, except for physical risk. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, farm size, farming experience, extension contact, and purchased fraudulent pesticides were significantly associated with risk perception. The findings suggest that awareness campaigns on recognizing fraudulent pesticides among farmers are needed, as well as policy measures, to combat counterfeiting in the agricultural sector in cooperation with other stakeholders.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Do farmers perceive risks of fraudulent pesticides? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Kassem

Alotaibi

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Yet the current literature has mainly assessed shocks in isolation, although many rural farm households manage multiple risks concurrently (Béné et al, 2017;Dercon, 2002;Heltberg et al, 2015;Kalaba et al, 2013;Tongruksawattana & Wainaina, 2019). This pattern was addressed in a review article authored by Komarek et al (2020), in which they examine multiple risks in agriculture that are present during 1974-2019 and raise concerns about the limited attention this topic receives, especially in the context of developing countries. Given that farm households have to manage multiple shocks, their ex ante risk management and ex post coping strategy choices may differ from those under the condition of individual isolated shocks due to possible incremental effects of shock interactions on welfare outcomes, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our motivations for assessing multiple shocks are as follows: First, it generates more complete insights by exposing combined effects beyond individual isolated shock effects (Komarek et al, 2020). Second, studies show that multiple shocks and their combined reinforcing effects on welfare are the main causes of vulnerabilities (Leichenko et al, 2010;O'Brien et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock interactions, coping strategy choices and household food security

Ansah

Gardebroek

Ihle

2020

Climate and Development

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Agriculture-based livelihoods in developing countries are often challenged by a multitude of unforeseeable shocks, but economic research mostly focuses on single shocks. This paper investigates how climate, health, pest and price shocks individually and in combination relate to farm households' coping strategy choices. First, we use binary probit models to examine how interactions from coinciding shocks relate to coping strategy choices. Next, we assess how coping strategies relate to household food security in a recursive framework. We find that when shocks are considered individually, the nature of shocks and their duration affect the likelihood of using savings. However, when climate shocks interact with health, pest or price shocks, there are incremental effects that increase the probability of depleting household assets to cope. Our findings suggest that governmental and non-governmental organizations should support rural farm households in managing the effects of multiple shocks through the provision and enhancement of markets for labour, insurance and outputs as well as formal safety nets. This support will help them to protect their assets and foster long-term wealth creation for escaping chronic poverty and food insecurity.

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“…Previous studies find the major source of production risks are weather, climate changes, pests, disease, fire, wind, technology, genetics, machinery efficiency and the quality of inputs. A study finds typical sources of these risks related to weather and climate (temperature and precipitation), pests and diseases (Komarek et al, 2020). A study finds that production risks comes from the unpredictable nature of the weather and uncertainty about the performance of crops or livestock (Hardaker et al, 2015).…”

Section: Agriculture Production Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture Risk Management: A Case Study on Rock Melon Farm in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

Bakar¹,

Sum²

2020

Food.agr.manag.

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The objectives of this study are to identify risks faced by farmers in agriculture project and investigate their risk management practices. The subject of investigation was a rock melon farm in Sepang, Selangor Malaysia. The participants consisted of four farmers and two officers. Data was collected using semi-structured interview questions and analyzed using content analysis. The study finds agriculture risk management can be divided into two groups: agriculture project risks and agriculture production risks. Agriculture project risks are events causing project failure. The risks are created by farmers and risks arise from project operations Risk factors created by farmers are farmers' attitude, lack of knowledge/training, lack cooperation among farmers and farmer refuse to follow procedures. Risk factors from operations are farm management, insufficient fund/capital, undiversified farm activities, failure to achieve KPI and follow procedures. Agriculture production risks are events causing low productions. The risks arise from machineries efficiency and farming technologies. Risk factors for machinery efficiency are immature machineries technology, and suitability of machines for local crops and small farm size. Risk factors for technology are unsuitable technology for local farming, technology too expensive for small farm and technology transfers from developed countries. The participants view risk management process as consisted of risk identification, risk evaluation/risk analysis, risk assessment and risk treatment. Their risk management strategies to mitigate risks are production diversification, keeping a logbook on farming activities, obtaining skill and knowledge in farm management, job multitasking by farmers and having a comprehensive risk management guidelines.

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A review of types of risks in agriculture: What we know and what we need to know

Cited by 236 publications

References 66 publications

Do farmers perceive risks of fraudulent pesticides? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Do farmers perceive risks of fraudulent pesticides? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Shock interactions, coping strategy choices and household food security

Agriculture Risk Management: A Case Study on Rock Melon Farm in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

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