A Review of Tubal Factors Affecting Fertility and its Management

Abstract

Infertility is a problem that affects both developed and developing countries today. Many couples choose to have financial stability before conception, irrespective of age. Tubal blockage accounts for 30%-40% of a woman's fertility. Congenital abnormalities, acute and persistent inflammatory diseases, endometriosis, and different pathologies are associated with infertility and cause partial or complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Approximately 30% of women experience infertility due to fallopian tube illness, with 10%-25% of these women experiencing proximal fallopian tube obstruction. The fallopian tube is an integral part of the union of sperm, and its normal function is a prerequisite for natural conception. Tubal obstruction is a common cause of infertility. These patients are keen to unblock their blocked fallopian tubes and restore reproductive function. Accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment options are essential for treating infertility.

Evaluation of women’s aging influence on sperm passage inside the fallopian tube using 3D dynamic mechanical modeling

“…The aging of the human fallopian tube also affects the average velocity of normal sperm cells. Low sperm cell motility, especially inside the fertilization site of the fallopian tube has a significant impact on fertility impairment ( Hunter, 1998 ; Ahlgren, 2010 ; Ambildhuke et al, 2022 ). Thus, women’s aging is associated with a decrease in the quantity, swimming distance, and velocity of the normal sperm cells inside the fertilization site due to the morphological and mechanical changes in the fallopian tube over aging.…”

Recanalization of Proximal Fallopian Tube Obstruction in the Treatment of Infertility

“…8 Disadvantages of this procedure include invasiveness, need for anesthesia, cost, and potential for subsequent development of new adhesions (which can further worsen secondary infertility). 8 9…”

“…3,10 Laparoscopy also allows for evaluation of anatomic abnormalities such as hydrosalpinx or tubal tortuosity, adhesive disease, and endometriosis. 8 Disadvantages of this procedure include invasiveness, need for anesthesia, cost, and potential for subsequent development of new adhesions (which can further worsen secondary infertility). 8,9 Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a minimally invasive option and commonly performed as part of the infertility workup.…”

“…8 Disadvantages of this procedure include invasiveness, need for anesthesia, cost, and potential for subsequent development of new adhesions (which can further worsen secondary infertility). 8,9 Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a minimally invasive option and commonly performed as part of the infertility workup. The procedure entails instillation of radiopaque contrast into the uterus via a balloon occlusion catheter and evaluating for peritoneal spillage under fluoroscopy.…”

“…5 The risk of infertility increases with the number and severity of infections. 8 Other causes include uterotubal spasm, mucous plugging/debris, endometriosis, lower abdominal infection/inflammation (e.g., secondary to inflammatory bowel disease), postsurgical scarring and adhesions, prior pelvic radiation, and pelvic tuberculosis. 5…”