A Review of Tropical Plants with Antifungal Activities against Plant Fungal Pathogens

Abstract

Plant fungal pathogens are frequently found as one of limiting factors for crop production. More than 10,000 species of fungi can cause disease in plants. To control the diseases, many farmers are still rely on the use of chemical fungicides, however most synthetic fungicides can cause acute toxicity, and some cause chronic toxicity as well. Thus, an appropriate technological improvement towards a more effective use of natural resources is required in agriculture to develop environmentally friendly sustainable farming system. This paper highlights the potential of extracts of tropical plants as antifungal agent to control plant fungal diseases. Information and data presented in this paper are mainly derived from selected and related references that previously published in the scientific journals.Many higher plants of tropical origin with fungicidal activities and their potential for fungal disease control of agricultural crops have been studied, however most of the studies have been done under in vitro condition. Some plant extracts showed strong antifungal activities on in vitro as well as in vivo tests, but some plant extracts showed significant antifungal activities on in vitro test, but did not obvious on in vivo tests. A great variation in antifungal activities were shown by plants extracts of different species and plant parts, in one hand, and on the other hand, variation was also observed on the responses of different fungal species to the same plant extract. Since the purpose of the use of plant extract is to control plant fungal diseases, the field trial is needed to ensure the stability of efficacy of certain plant extract. In addition, isolation and identification of active substances in the extracts is needed to assess possible mode of action and side effect of their use.

Phytochemical Screening, Bioactive Compound Quantification by HPLC, and Antifungal Properties of Andrographis paniculata Extracts Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

“…Diterpenes are generated by some plants as a defensive mechanism against physiological damage. Consequently, andrographolide has been remarked to significantly reduce the fusarium wilt in tomatoes caused by Fusarium oxysporum [30].…”

“…Despite fungicides being useful in the management of fungal plant pathogens, it is recognized that frequent, inappropriate, and non-discriminatory chemical usage produces unfavorable consequences such as residual toxicity, the host immune response, environmental degradation, health risks for humans and animals, and increasing costs for insect pest management [13]. Moreover, most chemical fungicides can induce acute toxicity, while others are hazardous in the long term [30]. Chemical pesticides have been linked to several environmental and health issues.…”

A Review on: common botanicals in Nepal on management of crop diseases

“…Worldwide only 10% of plant population has been recorded to have pesticidal activities. 11 There are many herbs, shrubs and trees which are useful as sources of botanical pesticides. Garlic, neem, onion, ginger extracts inhibit Pythium aphanidermatum, 12 Cymbopogon citratus possessed antifungal effect against Rhizoctonia solani affecting rice, 13 Garlic, eucalyptus, lemon grass, Tulsi significantly inhibited the mycelia and sclerotia of R. solani, 14 Negi and Kumar 15 reported that 20% extracts of neem and garlic in vitro inhibited Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.…”

The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from Diplazium esculentum and Rivina humilis analysis to reveals the existence of necessary components in oil palm plantations of Ganoderma boninense control

“…In light of this, through gas chromatographymass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, the bioactivity of hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, and 1Heneicosanol chemical compound as an antifungal were investigated in vitro against Candida albicans fungus. Such plant secondary metabolites can be applied to control oil palm trunk rot since they contain natural ingredients and do not pollute the environment (Suprapta, 2016).…”