A Review of Three-dimensional Printing for Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

Background: Various living organisms especially endangered species are affected due to the damaged body parts or organs. For organ replacement, finding the customized organs within the time by satisfying biomedical needs is the risk factor in the medicinal field. Methods: The production of living parts based on the highly sensitive biomedical demands can be done by the integration of technical knowledge of Chemistry, Biology and Engineering. The integration of highly porous Biomedical CAD design and 3D bioprinting technique by maintaining the suitable environment for living cells can be especially done through well-known techniques: Stereolithography, Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Sintering and Inkjet printing are majorly discussed to get final products. Results: Among the various techniques, Biomedical CAD design and 3D printing techniques provide highly precise and interconnected 3D structure based on patient customized needs in a short period of time with less consumption of work. Conclusion: In this review, biomedical development on complex design and highly interconnected production of 3D biomaterials through suitable printing technique are clearly reported.

Recent advances and future directions of 3D to 6D printing in brain cancer treatment and neural tissue engineering

“…SLS is an extremely flexible approach that allows for the creation of intricate shapes and structures with excellent precision and resolution. To use SLS, a laser is directed at a particular layer of powdered material to selectively heat and fuse it, based on a pre-determined design (figure 2(D)) [35]. SLS is a 3D printing technique where powdered materials such as metals or plastics are selectively fused into a 3D structure using a highpowered laser.…”

Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Materials: Progress, Promise and Challenges

“…Besides traditional plastic components, this process has been adopted for a wide range of industries for innovative product development including soft magnets [ 62 ], drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical field including personalized medicines [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], in the forensic comparative analysis [ 67 ], in complete electrochemical sensing devices fabrication [ 68 ], in 3D printed microfluidics [ 69 ] and to design and manufacturing of complex porous scaffolds for biomedical, and tissue engineering applications [ 70 ]. Moreover, it also fits well in the framework of primary and secondary recycling.…”

A New Exoskeleton Prototype for Lower Limb Rehabilitation

“…Studies on the experimental determination of the laws of motion performed in the human gait on stairs are presented in [15]. As a novelty, we found from the literature study that systems with a dual functional role have been developed, as a gait trolley and as an exoskeleton for assisting upright position and gait [20].…”