A review of thermal catalytic and electrochemical hydrogenation approaches for converting biomass-derived compounds to high-value chemicals and fuels

Selective Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes on Interlayer-Expanded MoS2

“…Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) powered by sustainable electricity has attracted widespread attention, in which the chemisorbed hydrogen (H ads ) formed in situ via proton or water reduction is reactive to hydrogenate unsaturated functional groups (e.g., carbonyl, nitro, alkenyl, etc. ). − Compared with thermocatalytic hydrogenation, ECH routes feature the following advantages: (1) H 2 O is an environment-friendly and economical hydrogen source, which can replace environmentally harmful and high-cost reductants (e.g., borohydrides, hydrazine derivatives, and silanes). , (2) The easy generation of H ads at ambient conditions (room temperature, atmospheric pressure, and mild working potentials) enables convenient operation in the absence of complex reactors and sources of high-grade heat. − (3) Reaction rates and pathways can be precisely controlled by adjusting the external potential or current. − …”

“…1−5 Compared with thermocatalytic hydrogenation, ECH routes feature the following advantages: (1) H 2 O is an environment-friendly and economical hydrogen source, which can replace environmentally harmful and high-cost reductants (e.g., borohydrides, hydrazine derivatives, and silanes). 6,7 (2) The easy generation of H ads at ambient conditions (room temperature, atmospheric pressure, and mild working potentials) enables convenient operation in the absence of complex reactors and sources of high-grade heat. 8−10 (3) Reaction rates and pathways can be precisely controlled by adjusting the external potential or current.…”

Electrochemical Hydrodimerization of Furfural in Organic Media as an Efficient Route to Jet Fuel Precursor

“…Multiple strategies have been suggested for furfural upgrading, including catalytic hydrogenation and different condensation processes [15,16] . Electrochemical conversion of furfural into value‐added products is another promising strategy that has become a fast‐growing area of research in the last decade [17–19] . Many studies have been devoted to the electrosynthesis of furfuryl alcohol and 2‐methylfuran, which are used as high‐energy‐density biofuel and in the foundry industry for the production of binders [18–23] .…”

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose for the Selective Production of Levoglucosenone Using Phosphorus Molybdenum Tin Mixed Metal Oxides

“…Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant source of renewable energy, which plays a vital role in the achievement of the worldwide carbon neutralization target . As a clean and effective utilization technique, fast pyrolysis can efficiently convert lignocellulosic biomass mainly into the liquid products known as bio-oils. , The bio-oils, regarded as a promising alternative to fossil resources, can be used in the fuel and chemical industries . However, the unsatisfactory properties of crude bio-oils, mainly due to their complex composition, have seriously restricted their industrial application .…”

“…2,3 The bio-oils, regarded as a promising alternative to fossil resources, can be used in the fuel and chemical industries. 4 However, the unsatisfactory properties of crude bio-oils, mainly due to their complex composition, have seriously restricted their industrial application. 5 To improve the quality of crude bio-oils for commercial application of fast pyrolysis technology, catalysts are widely used in the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) process of biomass, to control the pyrolysis process and selectively obtain specific valuable products.…”