A review of the wire arc additive manufacturing of metals: properties, defects and quality improvement

Wu, Bintao; Ding, Donghong; Cuiuri, Dominic; Li, Hui Jun; Xu, Jing; Norrish, John

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.001

Cited by 958 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In this regard, the concept of hybrid manufacturing could be feasible by the combination of WAAM and subtractive processes. Furthermore, this manufacturing solution includes the benefits of the AM techniques and guarantees the final machining requirements [7,8], but there are some downsides on its industrialization [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2020

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In the current days, the new range of machine tools allows the production of titanium alloy parts for the aeronautical sector through additive technologies. The quality of the materials produced is being studied extensively by the research community. This new manufacturing paradigm also opens important challenges such as the definition and analysis of the optimal strategies for finishing-oriented machining in this type of part. Researchers in both materials and manufacturing processes are making numerous advances in this field. This article discusses the analysis of the production and subsequent machining in the quality of TI6Al4V produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), more specifically Plasma Arc Welding (PAW). The promising results observed make it a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2020

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“…The growing interest in additive manufacturing (AM) technology in the last decade has been largely due to the inherent advantages of this technology in terms of creating highly complex geometries in a relatively short time [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Currently, most relevant production and research activities focus on 3D printing processes using powder bed technology (PBT), such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Produced by a Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

Ron

Levy

Dolev

et al. 2019

Metals

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: Current additive manufacturing (AM) processes are mainly focused on powder bed technologies, such as electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM). However, the main disadvantages of such techniques are related to the high cost of metal powder, the degree of energy consumption, and the sizes of the components, that are limited by the size of the printing cell. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the environmental behavior of low carbon steel (ER70S-6) produced by a relatively inexpensive AM process using wire feed arc welding. The mechanical properties were examined by tension testing and hardness measurements, while microstructure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. General corrosion performance was evaluated by salt spray testing, immersion testing, potentiodynamic polarization analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Stress corrosion performance was characterized in terms of slow strain rate testing (SSRT). All corrosion tests were carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. The results indicated that the general corrosion resistance of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) samples were quite similar to those of the counterpart ST-37 steel and the stress corrosion resistance of both alloys was adequate. Altogether, it was clearly evident that the WAAM process did not encounter any deterioration in corrosion performance compared to its conventional wrought alloy counterpart.

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“…J.; 23(1):422-429. sten arc welding (GTAW), and plasma arc welding (PAW) 6,8 . In terms of productivity, the deposition rate of GMAW-based AM is two or three times higher than that of GTAW-and PAW-based AM 10 . That is why GMAW-based AM is more suitable than GTAWand PAW-based AM for the manufacture of metal par ts with large dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A preliminary study on gas metal arc welding-based additive manufacturing of metal parts

Le¹

2020

Sci. Tech. Dev. J.

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Introduction: In the past three decades, additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has emerged as a promising technology, which allows the manufacture of complex parts by adding material layer upon layer. In comparison, with other metal-based AM technologies, gas metal arc welding-based additive manufacturing (GMAW-based AM) presents a high deposition rate and has the potential for producing medium and large metal components. To validate the technological performance of such a manufacturing process, the internal quality of manufactured parts needs to be analyzed, particularly in the cases of manufacturing the parts working in a critical load-bearing condition. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the internal quality (i.e., and mechanical properties) of components manufactured by the GMAW-based AM technology. Method: A gas metal arc welding robot was used to build a thin-walled component made of mild steel on a low-carbon substrate according to the AM principle. Thereafter, the specimens for observing and mechanical properties were extracted from the built thin-walled component. The of the specimen were observed by an optical microscope; the hardness was measured by a digital tester, and the tensile tests were carried out on a tensile test machine. Results: The results show that the GMAW-based AM-built thin-walled components possess an adequate that varies from the top to the bottom of the built component: structures with primary dendrites in the upper zone; granular structure of with small regions of at grain boundaries in the middle zone, and grains of in the lower zone. The hardness (ranged between 164±3.46 HV to 192±3.81 HV), yield strength (YS offset of 0.2% ranged from 340±2 to 349.67±1.53 ), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS ranged from 429±1 to 477±2 ) of the GMAW-based AM-built components were comparable to those of wrought mild steel. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the GMAW-based AM-built components possess adequate and good mechanical properties for real applications. This allows us to confirm the feasibility of using a conventional gas metal arc welding robot for additive manufacturing or repairing/re-manufacturing of metal components.

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A review of the wire arc additive manufacturing of metals: properties, defects and quality improvement

Cited by 958 publications

References 92 publications

Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Environmental Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Produced by a Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

A preliminary study on gas metal arc welding-based additive manufacturing of metal parts

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