A review of the use and place of lindane in the protection of stored products from the ravages of insect pests

Morrison, F. O.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8479-7_5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…The idea of a grain protectant involves applying a residual pesticide to the entire grain mass at the time of storage to prevent infestation while the grain is held in storage. Since 1945, lindane has been applied directly to stored grains, as a residual treatment in storage areas and as an aerosol (96). Between 1949 and 1965, lindane was mixed with grains in African countries, India, and Brazil.…”

Section: Residual Grain Protectantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Stored-Product Entomology: Protecting the World Food Supply

Hagstrum

Phillips

2017

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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Traditional methods of stored-product pest control were initially passed from generation to generation. Ancient literature and archaeology reveal hermetic sealing, burning sulfur, desiccant dusts, and toxic botanicals as early control methods. Whereas traditional nonchemical methods were subsequently replaced by synthetic chemicals, other traditional methods were improved and integrated with key modern pesticides. Modern stored-product integrated pest management (IPM) makes decisions using knowledge of population dynamics and threshold insect densities. IPM programs are now being fine-tuned to meet regulatory and market standards. Better sampling methods and insights from life histories and ecological studies have been used to optimize the timing of pest management. Over the past 100 years, research on stored-product insects has shifted from being largely concentrated within 10 countries to being distributed across 65 countries. Although the components of IPM programs have been well researched, more research is needed on how these components can be combined to improve effectiveness and assure the security of postharvest food as the human population increases.

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Section: Residual Grain Protectantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Stored-Product Entomology: Protecting the World Food Supply

Hagstrum

Phillips

2017

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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“…Given that lindane was usually applied in powder form as an insecticide 18 and that particle size has been reported to affect contact insecticide toxicity, 19 it is important to evaluate the polymorph stability as powders with a comparable particle size (Figure S5). Commercial lindane is available as pure Form I powder.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Correlation between Lethality and Thermodynamic Stability of Contact Insecticide Polymorphs

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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Contact insecticides often involve the interaction of whole organisms and toxicant crystal surfaces. The crystalline phase of these compounds has not, however, been considered for the optimization of insecticide performance. Lindane (1R,2r,3S,4R,5r,6S-hexachlorocyclohexane) has been one of the most widely used insecticides, but other (inactive) stereoisomers accompanying its manufacture have led to massive chemical waste remediation problems. Crystalline polymorphs are also isomers in the broadest sense, yet only one crystal structure of lindane has been reported. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of two new polymorphs, Forms II and III. The efficacy of Forms I, II, and III against Drosophila melanogaster revealed an inverse correlation between lethality and thermodynamic stability; the least stable kills fastest. This understanding provides a crystal engineering opportunity wherein formulations containing the most active contact insecticide polymorph can achieve infectious disease prophylaxis while reducing environmental exposure and associated chemical waste.

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