A review of the use of high power diode lasers in surface hardening

Kennedy, Eamonn; Byrne, G.; Collins, David N.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.276

Cited by 215 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…또한, AISI 4140강의 표 면 특성을 더욱 향상시키기 위해서는 코팅, 피닝, 열처리, 질화법 등과 같은 다양한 표면처리방법이 적용되고 있다 [1][2][3][4]. 특히, 질화법은 가장 오래된 방 법 중 하나로써, 표면경도, 기계적 물성, 내마모성, 내부식성, 피로수명 등을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며 [5,6], 염욕질화, 플라즈마 질화와 같 은 다양한 질화방법 및 각 처리방법에 따른 강의 표면특성 개선에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 오 고 있다 [7][8][9].…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Surface and Tribological Characteristics of Air-cooled and Oil-cooled AISI 4140 Steel

Cho¹,

Son²,

Chung³

2016

Journal of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication E

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− AISI 4140 steel is widely used in various mechanical components owing to its superior mechanical properties. Surface hardening techniques are often used to further improve the properties, particularly for applications with moving components. The aim of this research is to understand the effect of heat treatment process on surface properties and tribological characteristics of AISI 4140 steel. In this work, we prepare two different AISI 4140 steel specimens-one cooled by air and one by oil-and determine surface properties such as surface topography and roughness using a confocal microscope. We also observe the cross-sections of the specimens using a scanning electron microscope to understand the difference in the material structure. In addition, we assess the hardness with respect to the distance from the surface using a micro-Vickers hardness tester. After characterizing the surfaces of the specimens, we investigate the wear characteristics of the specimens under hydrodynamic lubrication. The results show the presence of grooves on the surface of the oil-cooled specimens. It is likely that such grooves are formed during the cooling process using the oil. However, we observe no other significant differences in the surface properties of the specimens. The wear test results show the occurrence of severe wear on the oil-cooled specimens, which may be due to the groove formed on the surface. The results of this work may be helpful to improve surface properties using surface hardening techniques from a tribological perspective.

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Section: 서 론unclassified

Surface and Tribological Characteristics of Air-cooled and Oil-cooled AISI 4140 Steel

Cho¹,

Son²,

Chung³

2016

Journal of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication E

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“…Laser has found extensive application for transformation hardening of steel parts (Ion, J. C. 2002, Pashby et al, 2003, Kennedy et al, 2004. The technique is particularly suitable for localized surface hardening applications without the need for a separate quenching step.…”

Section: Martensite Formation On Laser Treated Surface Of Aisi 1040 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive Micro-structural Characterization of Metallic Specimens with a Portable X-ray Diffraction based Residual Stress Analyzer

Ganesh

Nagpure

Kaul

et al. 2015

SET

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Non-destructive characterization of surface microstructure of an engineering component is an important parameter to assess its fitness to function in the given service conditions. The paper describes various case studies performed in authors' laboratory involving use of portable X-ray diffraction based residual stress analysis system to examine and understand the micro-structural state of the investigated surface. A significant decrease in full width at half maximum (FWHM) of gamma(311) diffraction peak from about 4.2° in the cold worked state to about 2.5° in the annealed/surface melted state was recorded for austenitic stainless steel. In case of 0.4% carbon steel there is sharp increase in FWHM of alpha(211) diffraction peak from about 2° in the as received condition to about 5-6° in the laser hardened condition. Crystallographic texture developed during electro-plating of chromium on stainless steel, could be detected from the strong intensity of alpha (211) peak of chromium at about 19° to the surface normal with respect to all other X-ray inclination angles (ѱ) during residual stress measurement. The results show that FWHM and intensity variation of the diffraction peak are two sensitive parameters for characterization of surface microstructure. Change in FWHM has been used to detect machining-induced cold deformation and evolution of re-crystallized grains in austenitic stainless steel and formation of hard martensite in laser transformation hardened ferritic steel. Variation in the intensity of diffracted peak with respect to X-ray inclination angle provided valuable information regarding crystallographic texture in hard chrome plated deposits.

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“…In fact, the HPDL beam profile ensures a uniform heating of the treated surface due to its characteristics: top-hat in the slow axis direction and Gaussian in the fast axis direction. The shape of the spot is typically rectangular or elliptical [19]. Finally, HPDLs have important advantages in terms of energy consumption, compactness, endurance, and running costs, making them suitable and appealing for many industrial applications [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To exploit the tremendous application potential of High Power Diode Lasers, research and development programs have been undertaken since 1994 [19,20]. Pashby et al [21] reported the use of an HPDL for surface-hardening of a plain carbon and an alloy steel, investigating the relationships between laser power and processing speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Power Diode Laser (HPDL) for Fatigue Life Improvement of Steel: Numerical Modelling

Guarino

Ponticelli

2017

Metals

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This paper deals with the improvement of fatigue life of AISI 1040 steel components by using a High Power Diode Laser (HPDL). First, the meaningfulness of each operational parameter was assessed by varying the experimental laser power and scan speed. After laser treatment, fatigue tests were performed to investigate the influence of laser processing parameters on the material resistance. The fatigue tests were carried out by using a rotating bending machine. Wöhler curves were obtained from the analysis of experimental results. Second, in the light of experimental findings, a 3D transient finite element method for a laser heat source, with Gaussian energy distribution, was developed to predict the temperature and the depth of the heat affected zone on the workpiece. The model allows us to understand the relationship between the laser treatment parameters and the fatigue enhancement of the components. HPDL was found to significantly increase the fatigue life of the irradiated workpieces, thus revealing its suitability for industrial applications.

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A review of the use of high power diode lasers in surface hardening

Cited by 215 publications

References 16 publications

Surface and Tribological Characteristics of Air-cooled and Oil-cooled AISI 4140 Steel

Surface and Tribological Characteristics of Air-cooled and Oil-cooled AISI 4140 Steel

Non-destructive Micro-structural Characterization of Metallic Specimens with a Portable X-ray Diffraction based Residual Stress Analyzer

High Power Diode Laser (HPDL) for Fatigue Life Improvement of Steel: Numerical Modelling

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