A review of the toxic effects and mechanisms of action of fumonisin B1

Abstract

<jats:p> Fumonisin B<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> (FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, which commonly infects corn and other agricultural products. Fusarium species can also be found in moisture-damaged buildings, and, therefore, exposure of humans to Fusarium mycotoxins including FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> may take place. FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> bears a clear structural similarity to the cellular sphingolipids, and this similarity has been shown to disturb the metabolism of sphingolipids by inhibiting the enzyme ceramide synthase leading to accumulation of sphinganine in cells and tissues. FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> is neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic in animals, and it has been classified as a possible carcinogen to humans. The cellular mechanisms behind FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>-induced toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity, as well as alterations in cytokine expression. The effects of FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> on different parameters vary markedly depending on what types of cells are studied or what species they originate from. These aspects are important to consider when evaluating the toxic potential of FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>. </jats:p>

Interaction of aflatoxin B1and fumonisin B1in mice causes immunotoxicity and oxidative stress: Possible protective role using lactic acid bacteria

“…These results were also in agreement with those of Mary et al (2012), who reported increased LP levels and concomitant decreases in the activities of protective anti-oxidation promoting enzyme activities. The study here also showed that each mycotoxin induced apoptosis among the host thymocytes; such outcomes were in line with earlier finding that AFB 1 and FB 1 produced oxidative stress/apoptosis , depending on the host species and cell type examined (Stockmann-Juvala & Savolainen, 2008).…”

“…Similarly, FB 1 can produce oxidative stress/apoptosis, depending on host species and specific cell type exposed (Stockmann-Juvala & Savolainen, 2008). It is widely accepted that many of the (cyto)toxic effects of AFB 1 or FB 1 are due to increases in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to toxic levels (Matur et al, 2011;Towner et al, 2003).…”

Sphingolipids Containing Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids Define a Secretory Pathway for Specific Polar Plasma Membrane Protein Targeting inArabidopsis

“…Fine-tuning of ceramide synthase activity could be efficiently achieved with the sphingoid base analog FB1. FB1 is a mycotoxin from Fusarium moniliforme that inhibits ceramide synthase and is responsible for several naturally and experimentally induced animal and human diseases (Desai et al, 2002;Stockmann-Juvala and Savolainen, 2008). FB1 was found to inhibit ceramide synthase and to lead to free LCB accumulation (Abbas et al, 1994;Spassieva et al, 2002).…”

AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

“…Alternaria alternata lycopersici toxins (AALs) exhibit mostly phytotoxic effects but have been shown to disturb the sphingolipid metabolism in a similar way to fumonisins, which have been correlated with esophageal cancer and other animal diseases [35,36].…”